Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction and high mortality. Early recognition and protocolized interventions are critical for improved outcomes. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence-based strategies relevant to medical–surgical settings, focusing on early detection, fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial stewardship, hemodynamic support, source control, and nursing-led monitoring. It emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration among nurses, physicians, pharmacists, respiratory therapists, and dietitians, in alignment with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Persistent challenges such as antimicrobial resistance, delayed diagnosis, and resource limitations are discussed, alongside future directions including novel biomarkers, personalized care pathways, AI-driven early warning systems, and strengthened antimicrobial stewardship programs. Optimized nursing protocols, enhanced interprofessional communication, and advanced monitoring strategies can significantly reduce sepsis-related morbidity and mortality.

Background: Stroke stands as a prominent contributor to enduring disability, inflicting motor and functional limitations upon survivors, significantly impacting their quality of life. Mirror therapy, a cost-effective and easy-to-use method, is increasingly employed in stroke rehabilitation to alleviate sensory-motor impairments and expedite limb recovery. This promising technique harnesses visual feedback to enhance neuroplasticity and boost post-stroke motor function. Method s: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among thirty stroke survivors; participants were assigned to either a mirror therapy (MT) group (n=15) or a standard rehabilitation group (n=15). The MT group underwent five 15-minute daily sessions for 14 days. Baseline data, including Barthel Index and Rivermead Mobility assessments, were gathered pre-intervention. Three-week post-intervention assessments targeted to investigate outcomes of MT in motor mobility and daily living activities in functional independence among stroke survivors. Results: A notable age difference was observed between the intervention (59±7.78) and comparison groups (58.8±6.50). The intervention group showed slightly more effects in Gross Function (d=0.162 vs. 0.132), Leg & Trunk (d=0.191 vs. 0.219), and Arm Function (d=0.323 vs. 0.205). Barthel Index effect size increased from small (d=0.261, CI 0.217–1.393) to large (d=0.172, CI 1.850–4.339). ANCOVA indicated no heteroscedasticity (F=0.704, p>0.05). A strong correlation (r=0.98) was found between daily functioning and motor function gains. Conclusion: MT effectively enhances daily activities in stroke survivors. However, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between groups in Rivermead scores (t = 0.17, p = 0.87). Yet, additional longitudinal studies are needed to thoroughly assess its impact on motor function improvement.

Preeclampsia is a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective community-based strategies can significantly mitigate its impact. This review highlights evidence-based interventions for preeclampsia prevention, emphasizing early risk detection, lifestyle and dietary modifications, health education, and the role of local healthcare policies. A multidisciplinary approach that integrates the efforts of healthcare professionals, policy-makers, and communities is essential to reduce the burden of this condition and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Background: Pain is a complex phenomenon that has been effectively managed through various interventions, including opioid analgesics. However, rising opioid misuse, abuse, and addiction have become major public health concerns, with significant physiological, psychological, and social consequences for patients. This challenge also places a financial burden on the National Health Service (NHS) through repeated admissions, prolonged hospital stays, and increased pressure on healthcare workers. While awareness of the need for opioid education has grown in recent years, its application within acute care settings has received limited attention. Objective: This systematic review evaluated evidence on the effectiveness of opioid education in reducing opioid misuse. It aims to identify evidence-based strategies and key educational topics relevant to safe opioid use. Methods: The review followed PRISMA guidelines and conducted a comprehensive search of EBSCOHOST, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase for studies published between 2012 and 2022. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-randomised studies. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria (five RCTs and one proof-of-concept study), involving a total of 601 participants. Three key themes emerged from the findings. Across studies, patient-centered opioid education improved knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions, which in turn reduced opioid consumption and promoted safe storage and disposal practices. Essential educational content included information on side effects, risks of misuse, addiction and abuse, tapering strategies, non-opioid alternatives, and safe handling of opioids. Multimodal approaches were consistently emphasized. Conclusion: Evidence highlights the value of structured opioid education in promoting safer opioid use and reducing misuse across healthcare settings. Further research is warranted to evaluate its effectiveness in acute care contexts and within the UK.

Endometriosis is a chronic, estrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder that affects nearly 10% of individuals of reproductive age worldwide. It is associated with severe pelvic pain, infertility, and profound psychosocial burden. Despite the absence of a definitive cure, recent evidence underscores the importance of prevention, early intervention, and comprehensive management. Strategies such as lifestyle modification, dietary interventions, hormonal suppression, and early diagnostic practices have shown potential in reducing disease incidence, severity, and recurrence. This review integrates current insights into pathophysiology, preventive measures, systemic effects, infertility, and therapeutic approaches, highlighting the need for a holistic, multidisciplinary framework spanning primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.