The clinical healthcare system has been burdened due to various disease outbreak such as COVID 19 outbreak. Clinical Workloads on healthcare workers and practitioners lead to fatigue and mental exhaustions, causing medical errors. About 98 000 patients globally expires due to preventable medical errors in hospitals due to workload of health practitioners. (Philibert, et al., 2002) The majority of mistakes are made by well-meaning people operating under poor systems, procedures, or circumstances. The healthcare workers and physicians have been facing intense workloads due small workforce, physician working hours and financial pressures on hospitals and healthcare centers. However, very limited research has been conducted on association of workload of healthcare workers and safety of patients. Therefore, we aimed to design the systematic review on evaluation of effect of increasing the health practitioner’s workload on patients and their safety. To fulfill aims of study, we conducted a systematic review & meta-analysis by following “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)” (Selçuk, 2019) guidelines related to title which was “effect of increasing the health practitioner’s workload on patients and their safety”. About 5 databases were used for data search, collection and extraction include PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBSE, Cochrane library, and PsycInfo, on 2 November, 2022. To search data, we used MeSH keywords of “effect of workload on health practitioners”, “Healthcare workers workload” “its effects on patients’ safety, effect of workload on medical errors” “Mental stress among workers” and “patient safety” among all databases. Only those research articles were extracted that have been published during March 2020 to October 2022, keeping the COVID 19 pandemic in context. There were five qualitative studies that evaluated the value of psychological treatment for mental illness. Stress resulting from worries about infecting close relatives and anxiety and fear of getting infection worries about the health professionals were two interwoven elements in all five investigations. Our findings could be explained by an increase in resident physician workload that followed programmers’ elimination of 24-hour shifts. There is evidence to suggest that patient safety may suffer when healthcare workers and doctors care for more than more patients each day.

Background: Smoking is the non-communicable and chronic disease of lungs. This study determines the rate of prevalence and determinants of smoking among school students in rural community of Lahore. Significance: This study was conducted to determine the factors that effects on their health status include both physiological and psychological status and how it influences on their personality development. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional quantitative study was conducted at Malikpur community Lahore. Researchers collected the sample by using simple random sampling technique. Total out of 90 students the 73 students voluntarily participated in this study. Result: The findings of the study showed that prevalence of smoking among school students was 30.1% in which the female students was excluded.15.1% students smoke for pleasure seeking while 5.5% smoke due to stress and 4.1% smoke because of peers pressure and 2.7% smoke due to curiosity. Conclusion: There is a need to conduct preventive programs to focus on various social and behavioral aspects to help in smoking cessation and reduce prevalence and determinants of smoking.

Nurses are the primary care givers in hospitals and are more likely to encounter violence because of the amount of time spent in direct patient care. This study aimed to explore recent workplace violence literature against nurses in Saudi Arabia in terms of prevalence, precipitating factors and recommendations for prevention. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, SCOPUS, Wiley, and Cochrane Library were searched. Study articles were screened by title and abstract then a full-text assessment was implemented. Violence against nurses could be in various forms of aggression and bullying that often manifests as verbal abuse, physical abuse, and emotional torture, which is cruel, rude, vindictive, humiliating and/or offensive. It is a public health and legal problem. Nurses are most of the healthcare workforce in Saudi Arabia, and more likely to encounter violence. Violence against nurses impairs job performance after the incident. It also reduces job satisfaction and may compel nurses to leave their job. Perpetrators are found to be patients, relatives, and co-workers. Improving health security system and increasing staffing and their training on proper dealing with violence are highly recommended. Also, enforcing rules and regulations is an important demand to control and prevent violence against health care workers.

Background: Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease known to occur in adolescent age group. There are many myths and misconceptions in adolescent as well regarding the prevention and treatment of acne. Objectives: The main goal of this study to assess awareness regarding acne vulgaris among adolescent students in Kamel Ibrahim and Abdulla Ibn Abbas secondary school in Shendi town. Method: This was descriptive study conducted among 100 students in secondary schools, data was collected by self-administered structured questionnaire using multistage stratified sample. Data was analyzed by using statistic package for social sciences (SPSS) version (20). Result: The study clarified that approximately half (49%) of study group their age between (13- 15) years, while (56%) of them had poor knowledge about definition of acne also (16%),(12%) of them had fair knowledge about type and site respectively and majority (88%) (83%) of them had poor knowledge about psychological problem and prevention of acne. Conclusion: The finding of the study pointed out that students had low level of awareness regarding acne in spite of it appear in this period.

Background: Primary healthcare services are vital components of the global public healthcare system, ensuring access to essential medical services, preventive care, and addressing various health needs. This study focuses on the challenges faced by residents of the Najran Region in accessing and utilizing primary healthcare services in Saudi Arabia. Aim: The aim of this investigation is to shed light on the barriers that residents in the Najran Region face when it comes to accessing and utilizing primary healthcare services and to emphasize the need for targeted interventions to enhance the primary healthcare system. Methods: A mixed-methods research approach, incorporating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, was employed to assess the accessibility and utilization of primary healthcare services in the Najran Region. The study examined factors such as geographical accessibility, socio-economic determinants, and healthcare-seeking behaviors. Results: The study found several challenges in accessing and utilizing primary healthcare services in the Najran Region. These challenges are influenced by geographical accessibility, socio-economic determinants, and healthcare-seeking behaviors. The results highlight the need for targeted strategies to improve service accessibility and utilization. Conclusion: The accessibility and utilization of primary healthcare services in the Najran Region, Saudi Arabia, are critical areas that require attention. Strengthening the primary healthcare system is essential to address the identified challenges and improve healthcare outcomes.

Background: Ensuring patient safety is a crucial aspect of healthcare quality. The cultural and practical aspects of this concept are intertwined with the shared values, attitudes and behaviors within a healthcare organization that decides their level of commitment towards achieving better outcomes for their patients. The culture in both perception and application by medical practitioners holds immense importance not only for patients' well-being but also presents an impact on overall healthcare performances. To put into effect methods for maintaining effective safety strategies, it becomes indispensable to study the perception and practices on patient safety by healthcare professionals. However, there remains a scarcity of research exploring this in public hospitals located within the Najran Region, in Saudi Arabia. Aims: The purpose of this particular qualitative study was to investigate what healthcare professionals think about both the culture and practices in place regarding patient safety. Methods: The methods employed for this research included using a descriptive phenomenological approach, where semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 healthcare professionals who were chosen intentionally. Results: After conducting thematic analysis, certain key themes associated with patient safety culture and practices emerged. This analysis revealed complex dynamics surrounding these themes. Conclusions: Ultimately, the findings from this study are indicative of how essential it is to pay attention to patient safety culture and practices when trying to improve healthcare quality at public hospitals located within Najran Region. Recommendations: Based on the study's discoveries, it is recommended that healthcare institutions put their resources into implementing ongoing programs aimed at bolstering patient safety. Furthermore, they should foster an environment of communication and effective teamwork to promote successful outcomes. Additionally, policies that prioritize learning from errors instead of laying blame can encourage a culture of justice. Lastly, hospital leaders could improve overall practices related to patient safety by displaying a high level of commitment. These recommendations offer guidance for healthcare providers and administrators in making progress toward establishing safer environments for patients in their care.

Background: Purposeful Hourly Nurse Rounding (PHNR) is a key strategy for improving patient satisfaction and safety in healthcare settings (Saleh,2011). Implementing effective hourly rounding models has gained attention in public hospitals due to the potential positive impact on patient outcomes. However, there is limited research exploring the qualitative aspects of purposeful hourly nurse rounding models in public hospitals. Understanding the perspectives of nurses and patients involved in these models is crucial for optimizing their effectiveness. Aim: This study aimed to qualitatively explore purposeful hourly nurse rounding models in public hospitals from the perspectives of nurses and patients. Specifically, it sought to understand the experiences, perceptions, and attitudes towards purposeful hourly rounding, and identify the potential barriers and facilitators in implementing and sustaining these models. Methods: A qualitative research design utilizing semi-structured interviews was employed to collect data from a purposive sample of nurses and patients in public hospitals practicing purposeful hourly nurse rounding. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Rigorous adherence to ethical considerations was maintained throughout the research process. Results: The findings revealed several themes related to purposeful hourly nurse rounding models in public hospitals. Nurses highlighted increased patient satisfaction and improved communication as key benefits of purposeful hourly rounding. They also emphasized the importance of time management, teamwork, and leadership support in successful implementation. Patients reported feeling more supported, cared for, and involved in their care during purposeful hourly nurse rounding, leading to enhanced satisfaction and confidence in the healthcare system. Conclusion: This qualitative exploration of purposeful hourly nurse rounding models in public hospitals highlights the positive impact on both nurses and patients. It underscores the significance of effective communication, teamwork, and leadership involvement in successful implementation of purposeful hourly rounding. The findings underscore the potential benefits of purposeful hourly nurse rounding in public hospitals and emphasize the need for further research to optimize and sustain these models.

Background: The integration of digital tools into clinical practice holds significant promise for enhancing chronic disease management, yet little known about healthcare provider attitudes towards this integration, particularly in the context of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Aim: This qualitative study aimed to explore healthcare provider attitudes towards the integration of digital tools into clinical practice for chronic disease management in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Semi-structured interviews conducted with healthcare providers from various healthcare settings in Riyadh. Purposive sampling employed to select participants, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes and patterns. Results: 33 healthcare professionals were interviewed. Participants expressed mixed attitudes towards the integration of digital tools into clinical practice for chronic disease management. Perceived benefits included improved patient outcomes, enhanced efficiency of care delivery, and increased patient engagement. However, challenges such as technological barriers, resistance to change, and concerns about data privacy and security were also reported. Factors influencing digital tool adoption included organizational support, training needs, and perceived usefulness. Conclusion: The findings highlight the complex attitudes and considerations surrounding the integration of digital tools into clinical practice for chronic disease management among healthcare providers in Riyadh. Addressing barriers and enhancing support mechanisms are crucial for promoting successful adoption and utilization of digital health technologies in healthcare settings. These insights can inform policy, practice, and research initiatives aimed at optimizing chronic disease management through the effective integration of digital tools.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, emphasizing the importance of holistic approaches to address the psychosocial needs of individuals and communities. This study explores the impact of COVID-19 related social support services in primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Saudi Arabia. Aim: The aim of this qualitative study is to examine the effectiveness, challenges, and potential areas for improvement in the delivery of COVID-19 related social support services within PHCCs in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with healthcare providers and administrators involved in the provision of social support services within 22 PHCCs in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were analyzed thematically to identify key themes related to service effectiveness, challenges, and stakeholder perspectives. Results: The findings highlight the effectiveness of COVID-19 social support services in promoting psychosocial well-being and resilience among individuals served by PHCCs. However, challenges such as resource constraints, logistical barriers, and coordination issues were identified as significant barriers to integration and service delivery. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of continued investment in social support initiatives within PHCCs to optimize the delivery and effectiveness of services amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. By addressing resource constraints, enhancing coordination, and adopting person-centered approaches to service delivery, PHCCs can play a crucial role in supporting the well-being of individuals and communities affected by the pandemic. Further research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of social support interventions and identify strategies for sustainability and scalability within PHCCs.