Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound influence on global society, and the disease's rapid spread has put a strain on the whole health-care system. In the prevention of both primary and secondary infectious illnesses, nursing plays a critical role. The study's goal was to learn about the experiences of nurses in Najran who were caring for Covid-19-affected patients. The research was conducted in the form of a descriptive phenomenology. Methods: The study's participants were purposefully recruited from the target population from the three focus groups that offered direct care to COVID -19 patients, thirty samples were chosen. Data was collected through direct interviews, which included generic questions followed by open-ended questions. The data was analyzed using Collazo's approach for analyzing transcripts. Results: The investigation's conclusions revealed three major themes. Important aspects include the psychological setting, the care cure core context, and the nursing challenges context. The first context emphasized nurses' fear, anxiety, stress, and pressure; the second context emphasized double responsibilities, dealing with infected and non-infected patients, changing the nurse's role, and the patient's psychological reliance; and the third context emphasized a lack of prior knowledge, working in unfamiliar environments, and a shortage of manpower; and the fourth context emphasized a lack of prior knowledge, working in unfamiliar environments, and a shortage of manpower; and the fourth context emphasized. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, nurses working in Covid -19 units, emergency departments, and intensive care units were assigned to provide treatment for a variety of conditions. Nurses continue to provide outstanding patient care despite these limitations. Nurses working in the Covid -19 units, emergency departments, and intensive care units were assigned to offer treatment with a variety of problems, according to the findings of this study. Despite these challenges, nurses continue to offer excellent patient care.

The study was conducted Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2019. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards use of physical restraints among nurses those working acute In-patient care settings. Participants were Registered nurses who are working in tertiary care centre. Descriptive design was adopted; sample was selected through convenient sampling technique. The inclusion criteria for this study were Registered nurses working in inpatient non-critical areas total of 138 nurses were eligible. The final sample consisted of 125 nurses with 86% response, majorities were females (88.8%). 70% of the participants were between age of 31-40 years. Higher numbers had completed Bachelors in Nursing Bachelors in Nursing. 79% participant’s position as registered nurse III and 54.4% were shift in charge of their units. The mean score on knowledge scale was above average of 26.31 ± 2.60 that indicates good knowledge about use of restraints. Mean score on attitude was 30.57 ± 4.56 and suggest favourable attitudes among the participants towards use of physical restraints. The mean score of practices related to use of restraints was 35.36 ± 2.17. These findings indicate good practice related to use of physical restraints among nurses, with the median Knowledge Score Total being highest in Males. However, there was no significant difference between gender with attitude and practice of the nurses with related use of physical restraints. In relation to designation There was a significant association found between the 3 nurses’ groups in terms of Knowledge Score Total (χ2 = 6.990, p = 0.030), with the median Knowledge Score Total being highest in the Designation: Registered Nurse II group.

Pain assessment is a significant issue in post-operative patients. Surgical ward nurses are responsible to assess and document patient’s pain postoperatively and provide pain medications as per the guidance of physicians. Ward nurses usually underestimate patient’s pain which may delay pain relief and post-operative recovery of surgical patients. Main purpose of this study was to observe the practice of pain assessment and its documentation by nurses in surgical ward of tertiary care hospital. In this study, all adult patients after general surgery, gynecology and orthopedic surgery were included. Patient’s medical records were reviewed to see documentation of static and dynamic pain scores, any rescue analgesia provided and associated complications for first 24 hours postoperatively and recorded in specific data collection form. Total 260 patients were included in this study in which 35.8% were male and 64.2% were female. For post-operative pain relief, PCA (Patient controlled analgesia) was used in 63% of patients and epidural analgesia in 37 % of the patients. As per documentation, 15 patients (5.8%) had moderate pain at rest (static pain) on arrival in surgical ward and 77 patients (29.6%) had moderate pain on movement (dynamic pain) however only seven patients received rescue analgesia on arrival in surgical ward. Post-operative pain assessment and documentation was found appropriate in this study, but significant gaps were observed in postoperative pain relief by surgical ward nurses during first 24 hours.

This research study was conducted in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri Imo State, precisely at the fertility clinic of the hospital. The copies of the validated questionnaire were administered by the researcher to the respondents at the area of the study. 67 questionnaires were distributed, completed and all collected back. This resulted to a 100% return rate. The process took 4 days. The collected data was analyzed using a descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages and mean scores as well as cumulative or cluster mean scores. The frequencies and percentages were used on cluster 1and 3 while mean scores and cluster mean scores were used on cluster 2. The data revealed that 58 respondents representing 86.6% responses majorly agreed that infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after one year of regular sexual intercourse whereas the rest 9 respondents, representing 13.4% showed different understandings. Also in item No.2, 38 respondents representing 56.7% responses accepted that hormonal imbalance is the most common cause of infertility in females while the remaining 29 respondents or 43.3% response expressed other views. At the same instant 26 respondents or 38.8% responses expressed undescended testis as the most common cause of infertility in men whereas 61.2% responses collectively maintained that either low sperm count, ejaculatory dysfunction or prostate cancers may be the causes of infertility in men. In item No. 4 a total of 36 respondents or 53.7% responses showed that they have never gotten a child of their won while the rest expressed they have one, two or three children of their own respectively. Furthermore, expressing the number of years of infertility experience, 25 respondents representing 37.3% response said they have had 6 to 7years infertility experience whereas the rest said they have had between 0-2years, 3-5 years, and 8years above, infertility experience. In item 6, a total of 49(or 73.1%) response reveals that they have had miscarriages before but 18(or 9%) said No. From statistics, age and gender have significant relationship as far as infertility is concerned. While infertility is seen to occur more in people of the age cohort 30-35 years, it is observed that women are more vulnerable than men.

Introduction: Hand hygiene is most important measure to minimize the ratio of transmission of health care associated infections (HCAIs) as this is one of the major problem especially in developing countries and most of the time caused behind it is poor hand hygiene of health care providers especially nurses as they have maximum interaction to the patients .This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practices regarding hand hygiene among the nurses of DHQ hospital Okara. Methodology: A self-structured questionnaire with the help of WHO guidelines base cross sectional study was done on the sample of 100 nurses among the nurses of DHQ hospital Okara. Likert scale was used to assess their knowledge and they knowledge were scored as good (13-15), average (9-12) and poor (0-8) according to their responses. Practices were also assessed by questionnaire. Results: Most of the participants showed having good (51%) and average (39%) knowledge and there are only some nurses (4%) who showed poor results. But despite of having sufficient knowledge there was no implementation of hand hygiene because of lacking of facilities, over burden of patients, shortage of time. Conclusion: To improve the practices of hand hygiene continues training sessions, sufficient nurses, and provision of all facilities needed for the hand hygiene are most important things.

Among the many contributions of Professor Rasidi Akinade Salawu to nursing profession in Nigeria, is his introduction into nursing of a model about the prevailing administrative and managerial environment in nursing. Although not formally documented all these years, many nurse managers, his colleagues as well as students (like us) who have encountered him have informally experienced and applied the tenets of this model in their day-to-day running of their wards and units. Drawing from Management and Nursing Science philosophies, Rasidi Akinade Salawu developed the Vice Syndrome Theory which has led to a better understanding of the intrigues and patterns in the working relationships between heads of units/departments/organisations and their deputies within the nursing circles. This presentation aims at sensitising the nursing (and general) scientific world to increase the awareness of this model, and increase its acceptance as an explanation for administrative processes and its application in a variety of research settings. This model has a great potential to make nursing administration more robust with sound scientific explanation. It will be an alternative paradigm for describing, explaining and predicting and therefore control issues of leader-deputy (“boss-vice”) engagements.

The educational environment is the general atmosphere of a learning space. A safe valued, participatory education environment supports autonomy and influences learning, achievement, and satisfaction. Education institutions aspire to provide a positive educational environment and quite often, seek feedback from learners to assess the quality of the education environment. Gender segregation is a norm in the Saudi Arabian education system. Educational institutions in Saudi Arabia do make efforts to establish a similar education environment across male and female campuses. Using a cross-sectional survey approach, learners' perceptions of the educational environment at one of the public Universities in the Asir region in Saudi Arabia were assessed with a purpose to generate a profile of the institution’s strengths and limitations. Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM), a generic tool was administered to learners enrolled in twelve undergraduate health professional programs, in the year 2017-2018. A total of 646 learners responded to the survey. The majority of the learners perceived the education environment as 'more positive than negative'. None of the items had a mean score of 3.5 and above, indicating 'no strengths'. Fourteen 'problem areas' were identified. Gender differences in the perceived education environment were noted in the Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Physiotherapy, and Doctor of Pharmacy programs. Male learners perceived the educational environment across programs alike. However, female learners did not. DREEM was useful to identify the priorities in planning appropriate measures to improve the education environment.

Introduction: A woman’s healthy state influences people around her with implication for the larger society. A woman’s quality of life is of importance to enhance fulfilment of responsibilities associated with her various roles. Therefore, the study examined the health seeking behaviour, described the health related quality of life and determined the relationship that exists between the health seeking behaviour and health related quality of life of female traders. Methodology: Cross sectional research design was adopted to gather data from six hundred female traders systematically selected in the largest open market in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. A questionnaire was utilized for data gathering. Institutional review board approval was obtained for the study. Results: Findings from the study showed that 65.3% of respondents had poor health seeking behaviour (HSB) and 54% had good health related quality of life (HRQOL) among this category of women. The result also showed a positive statistically significant relationship (r = 0.10, p <0.05) between health seeking behaviour and health related quality of life of female traders. Discussion: Among female market traders; health seeking behaviour was positively correlated with their health related quality of life.

Background: Hand washing is the most effective way to stop bacterial transmission and lower the risk of infections related to medical care. Hospital acquired infections (HAI) are known to transmit from patient to patient and within the healthcare environment most frequently from healthcare personnel. It has been proven that healthcare workers' hand hygiene practices are an effective way to lower the incidence of hospital acquired infections. Aim: A study to assess Knowledge practice and attitude regarding hand hygiene among health care professionals. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional research design. The New Najran General Hospital served as the study's location and to choose the 100 samples, a consistent sampling technique was applied. The WHO's hand hygiene questionnaire for healthcare workers was utilized as the research instrument for the study to evaluate healthcare professionals' knowledge, behavior, and attitudes toward hand hygiene. Statistics, both descriptive and inferential, were used to calculate the results. Results: The knowledge, practice, and attitude on towards hand cleanliness was adequate and the practice score was 3.72 with a standard deviation of 0.514, and the overall mean total knowledge score was 8.36 with a standard deviation of 1.599. The attitude rating was 2.48, with a 1.176 standard deviation. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that healthcare workers at New Najran General Hospital have acceptable knowledge, attitudes, and hand hygiene practices. We advocate for the supply of these necessities as well as teaching sessions to help caregivers and patients understand the value of hand washing

Background: Gender inequality in the nursing workforce is still a big issue, especially in rural areas such as Osmanabad, Maharashtra. Even though nursing is a profession dominated by women, women are still confronting systemic obstacles to leadership, to pay equity, and to a safe workplace. These differences are exacerbated by cultural standards, restricted institutional assistance, and a lack of resources in rural health care facilities. Objectives: Considering the background, this study is planned to look into the magnitude of gender inequality of nurses in the district of Osmanabad. More specifically, these aims will: identify gender differences in recruiting, role assignment, and career advancement; measure acts of violence and the effect of perceptions of unsafe work settings; provide practical strategies to move toward gender equity within rural nursing. Methods: The present study was conducted using a mixed methods approach with both quantitative and qualitative data generation. Stratified purposive sampling was employed to select a sample of 60 registered nurses working at PHCs, CHCs, and the District Hospital, Osmanabad. Information was collected using questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. The quantitative data were processed with SPSS, and the qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Female nurses were predominantly represented, although not in leadership roles, and female nurses were significantly underpaid compared with their male colleagues. Women experienced workplace violence more often compared to night shifts. Emotional exhaustion, professional inertia, and a wish for change were depicted in qualitative accounts. Conclusions: Sex disparities in the nursing workforce existed in Osmanabad and are indicative of wider systemic imbalances in rural health care. Overcoming these inequalities through enabling policies, mentorship programs, and community engagement is crucial in strengthening nursing and healthcare. The report highlights the requirement for gender transformative interventions suitable for rural areas.