Background: Even though skin cancer is a cancer, increasing incidence in whole world, the disease can be prevented by improving protective behaviors across it. However, individuals' attitudes and beliefs about the subject ought to be evaluated to improve skin cancer prevention behaviors of the individuals firstly. Aim of this study was to develop Skin Cancer Scale based on the Health Belief Model in order to assess attitudes and beliefs about skin cancer. Methods: This methodological study included 465 randomly selected university students who educated seven different department of a university. Data were collected with a socio-demographic form and 42 items daft scale of Health Belied Model Scale in Skin Cancer. Experts’ opinions and pre-test were obtained for content validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed for construct validity. Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficient and test-retest correlation coefficients were calculated for reliability. Results: The internal consistency reliability coefficient of this scale was 0.86 and the item - total score correlation coefficients changed between 0.32 and 0.66. According to EFA; factor loads ranged from 0.45 to 0.86, the 26-items were divided into five sub-dimensions. To CFA, model fit indexes of the scale were found as x2 / df ratio: 2.391, the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA): 0.055, the Good¬ness of Fit Index (GFI): 0. 901, the Tucker-Lewis İndex (TLI): 0.913 and the Comparative Fit Index (CFI): 0.925. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.87 for the whole scale. Conclusions: The results of the study indicated that The Health Belief Model Scale in Skin Cancer is a reliable and valid scale to measure the attitudes and beliefs about skin cancer.

The scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic and the existing care conditions are different in each country. The risk factors for contamination can directly affect health professionals, especially nursing professionals, causing a worsening of the pandemic at the time of their illness and death. To identify risk factors for COVID-19 infection in nursing professionals in the care of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. A protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis study has been developed, supported by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P), and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42020178168. The research question was structured according to the PICO strategy, P – nursing professionals; I – any nursing care to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patient; C – nursing professionals without COVID-19 infection; O – nursing professionals with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Defined as follows: What are the risk factors associated with COVID-19 infection in nursing professionals with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection? In order to better plan the use of electronic searches, the following databases were consulted given the specificities of each database, specific search strategies were chosen for each database. Once the inclusion and exclusion criteria have been applied, the quality of the evidence will be assessed by applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.T. Ethics and disclosure: review study with primary articles already published. Therefore, it does not require authorization from any Ethics Committee. Trial registration number: CRD42020178168 Available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020178168

Delivery is the physiological process of giving birth to a baby. Besides other complications, both methods of deliveries impact the postpartum quality of life of mothers. The post-partum period is one of the critical period in which the health status of a woman changes. Objectives: To compare the physical health among post-partum mothers after cesarean and normal vaginal deliveries. Methodology: A causal-comparative study was conducted. Overall, 104 women with normal vaginal delivery (52) and cesarean section (52) were included using the consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected using the quality-of-life questionnaire (SF-36). Results: Overall, five (9.6%), 30 (57.6%), 13 (25%), and four (7.6%) women among the normal vaginal delivery reported very good, good, fair, and poor health. Similarly, two (3.8%), eight (15.3%), 20 (38.4%), and 22 (42.3%) women in the cesarean section group reported very good, good, fair, and poor health. Activities were “limited a little” among women undergoing normal vaginal delivery, and activities were “limited a lot” among women undergoing cesarean section. 80.7% of women in the normal vaginal delivery group and 90% of women in the cesarean section group reported that they cut down the amount of time they spent on work or other activities. Conclusion: The findings of the study concluded that women who undergo normal vaginal delivery have a better quality of physical health as compared to women undergoing cesarean section.

Aim: This review aims to assess the effect of quality improvement initiatives on reducing the rate of CLABSI. Method: This study used Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) method to enable researchers to systematically and organize a search for studies. Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) integrative approach structure consists of five stages (problem recognition, literature search, data assessment, data interpretation, and presentation). The empirical literature on quality improvement projects and initiatives on reducing the rate of CLABSI was reviewed and analyzed based on Whittemore and Knafl's framework to draw an overall conclusion about what is effective over the quality improvement projects in the infection rate. Finding: Nine articles fit the study inclusion criteria 7 were Q.I., and two were a mixed method. The nine articles' findings were classified into two themes: (1) Central line bundle care and (2) Education on CLBSAI insertion and maintenance. Conclusion: This review found quality improvement projects decrease the incidence of CLABSI, improve patients’ mortality, and reduce hospitalization days. Therefore, care bundles should be performed as a routine protocol. To be more successful, bundles of care should concentrate on these risks. During the catheter insertion, compliance with barrier precautions is desirable to minimize the probability of infections. Staff education and training positively impact the prevalence rate, utilizing maximal sterile obstacle safety measures that include sterile full-body drapes, sterile gloves, sterile gowns, masks, and caps, all central venous catheters are placed.

The novel corona virus disease (COVID-19) caused by a new strain of corona virus was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and now is an unprecedented global issue. Mankind is experiencing another remarkable involvement in the quickly spreading COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, the sickness fundamentally influences regular daily existence, bringing about a financial emergency. Moreover the highest risk of getting COVID-19 is for the front line Healthcare workers (HWs). Therefore, utmost importance to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID -19 is needed. Anonline Cross-sectional research design was utilized for the study. An aggregate of 100 paramedic health workers (Nurses, Pharmacist, Lab technician and Allied health technicians) were chosen using a convenient sampling technique. Data were gathered among eligible healthcare workers through online survey by electronically distribution of self-administered questionnaire developed by the investigator. The results depict that 80% had adequate knowledge, 84.6% had positive attitude towards COVID-19 and 88% of participants had appropriate practice related to COVID-19. There was a positive relationship noted among knowledge and attitude(r= 0.381), attitude-practice(r=0.624) and knowledge-practice(r= 0.702) at p<.05 and p<.01 level respectively. The outcome found that there is no huge affiliation found between selected demographic variables such as Age, residence, marital status and source of information but gender and years of experience was significantly associated with knowledge and practice (χ2=5.18) at p<0.01 and profession was significantly associated with attitude (χ2=10.92) at p<0.001.

Background: The COVID 19 pandemic impose dramatic change in hospital work environment and nursing work environment. This study aims to assess the working Practice Environment and its relation to their perception of workload and their awareness of COVID 19. Methods: The study uses a cross-sectional descriptive exploratory design. The target Population was staff nurses working in selected settings. The study implemented a convenience sampling technique to incorporate nurses working in any of the predetermined settings who were willing to participate, and the total number was 110 nurses. Data were collected by employing an online self-administered questionnaire, which consists of five parts. The first part includes the socio-demographic profile. The second part includes the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and other tools include information that assessed the perception of the workload during COVID-19 and, therefore, the awareness about COVID-19 by nurses. Results: One hundred ten nurses participated in this study; nurses were moderately high perceived to their work environments, and there was an association between the characteristics of participants, perception of workload, and awareness in relation with the work environment. Conclusion: This study explored important aspects of nurses' work environments and how nurse awareness and perception of workload during covid 19 impacts it. There was an association between nurse's perception of their work environment and their perception of the workload during the pandemic. The nurse's high awareness of COVID 19 was associated with positive perception of work environments.

COVID-19, also known as Corona Virus disease, is one of the recent pandemics that has impacted healthcare systems worldwide. In scientific terms, COVID-19 is known as SARS-CoV-2, which is a virus. Hence, the disease is highly contagious and can spread from person to person through the body fluids of the person who was infected. In addition, the disease is far more contagious than most normal respiratory diseases. An outbreak of the disease originated in China, specifically in Wuhan, which caused a massive spread throughout the rest of the world. According to the Saudi Arabian Health Ministry, the first case was reported in early March, 2020. The main goal of this study is to determine the extent to which the Saudi Arabian nurses are knowledgeable of the COVID-19 protocols and also the attitudes of Saudi Arabian nurses in their line of duty while also reinforcing the COVID-19 protocols. According to the study, the data for the current study were subjective and only based on Saudi nurses. Using e-mail, questionnaires were distributed and responses directed through the same platform. To avoid bias, a sample of 105 Saudi Nurses working in different healthcare facilities was selected by simple random sampling. Out of the Saudi nurses who were considered for the current study, a reasonable number were aware of the protocols of COVID 19.

Introduction: Happiness is a fundamental need of human beings and it is vital aspect in the development and training of budding nurses as future nurse. However, budding nurses feel under stress and low level of happiness. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate happiness level and its predictors among budding nurses in India. Methods: This cross-sectional, multicentric study was performed in 2021 on conveniently selected 908 budding nurses studying in different nursing institutions in India. Data were collected using a researcher made demographic questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Inventory. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistic. Results: Among 996 enrolled budding nurses, 908 were analyzed. The mean happiness scores of them were 126.75 ±19.69 (score range 29-174). The significant predictors of budding nurses happiness were motivational factor to join nursing (p<0.001), exercise routine (p<0.001), habit of substance abuse (p=0.008), perceived health status (p=0.004), relationship with family members (p=<0.001), relationship with teaching faculty (p=0.048) and relationship with friends (p<0.001). Conclusion: Budding nurses in India, have moderate level of happiness. Happiness is influenced by various factors. Nurse administrators and educators, in developing curriculum and activities, need to pay special attention to budding nurses’ happiness and its predictors.