Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are potentially life-threatening mucocutaneous diseases characterized by hypersensitivity to medication and infections. Inspite of complete recovery from skin problems without sequelae, survivors can land with serious ocular complications culminating in blindness irrespective of intensive local and systemic therapy. We are describing the clinical course and treatment of a patient with TEN who developed bilateral ankyloblepharon after recovery from the acute attack. Amniotic membrane was applied to the ocular surface of the patient after correcting the ankyloblepharon. Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) has been proven to be an effective mode of treatment for severe ocular surface and eyelid inflammation as it decreases the risk of ocular and visual sequelae. Early detection of complications and aggressive treatment of the same are essential for preservation of vision.

Natural antioxidants and their association with health benefits have gained unprecedented attention in recent years. They have multiple functions in biological systems and mainly defense against oxidation that produce free radicals in food, chemicals and in living systems. During the past decades, synthesized nanoparticles from marine organisms and many of these substances have been demonstrated to posses exciting biological activities. With this background, S. wightii and its AgNPs were analyzed for their antioxidant properties. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using the aqueous extract of S. wightii. The aqueous extract of S. wightii showed significant potential for the quick reduction of silver ions. The antioxidant properties of green synthesized AgNPs was carried out and it showed significant activity when compared with standard. The present work of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using S. wightii appears to be cost effective, eco-friendly, and an alternative to conventional method of synthesis. In the present study, the aqueous extract and its synthesized AgNPs showed high antioxidant activity to the best of our knowledge. Hence, green synthesized AgNPs of S. wightii can be used as a potential therapeutic drug for various diseases due to its bioactive properties.

Ocular colobomas are malformations of eye and are associated with early cataractous changes. Cataract surgery in eyes with coloboma require extra care and planning at each stage as these eyes are at greater risk for complications during cataract surgery. Presenting here, the outcome of cataract surgery in a 45 years female who presented with micro cornea, iris coloboma and advanced cataractous changes with nystagmus. The preoperative planning and management, the complications dealt during phacoemulsification and the outcome are discussed.

Medicinal plants are source of a great economic value. Plants herbs are naturally gifted at the synthesis of medicinal compounds. The extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants have resulted in the discovery of new drugs with high therapeutic value. Baobab Adansonia digitata L., (Malvaceae) seeds were collected from El-Obeid, North Kordofan state Sudan, and were extracted with hexane as solvent the extracted oil was analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty four constituents were detected the major constituents are: 9-octadecanoic acid methyl ester (25.08), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (23.08), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (22.78), Methyl stearate (6.86) and Methyl 2-octylcyclopropene-1-heptanoate (6.08). In the well diffusion bioassay the oil showed significant activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and the yeast Candida albicans but it was partially active against Escherichia coli. The antioxidant activity of the extracted oil was evaluated using the standard 2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 0.5 ml. The antioxidant activity of the extracted oil was 19.00 ± 0.08

Malaria is a life-threatening disease with high mortality and prevalence especially in children under the age of 5. Herbal remedies like Nauclea latifolia have been used and found to be effective in the treatment of malaria. However, presentations like decoctions, liquid extracts are not suitable particularly for children. Therefore, in this study, syrup formulations of the dried aqueous root extract of Nauclea latifolia (AREL) were developed using honey, simple syrup BP and water as vehicle in the presence and absence of a sweetener, thickener and preservatives. Organoleptic and physicochemical properties such as odor, color, taste, homogeneity, pH and density were evaluated. Stability of the syrups at room temperature, in the refrigerator and at accelerated temperature was also evaluated. In vivo anti-plasmodial activity of optimized syrup formulation was investigated according to standardized methods. Results show the syrups were brown to amber in color, homogenous and had sweet to bitter taste. The pH of the syrups were between 4.45 and 5.78, flow rate was between 0.00 and 2.17 g/sec. Density was between 1.24 and 1.41 g/mL; syrups containing honey were non-flowing while those formulated with simple syrup were more free-flowing. In vivo studies show that the optimized syrup formulation possess ability to inhibit parasitemia. No observable changes were noticed after the period of storage. This study shows that the development of the dried aqueous root extract of Nauclea latifolia into syrups as a standardized dosage form capable of inhibiting parasitemia could be explored.

Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid is rare. The diagnosis might be difficult because of its ability to masquerade as other periocular lesions. This paper reports a case of sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid in a 70-year-old man. The tumor was excised and histopathological examination revealed the characteristic features of sebaceous carcinoma.

Currently, maintaining good hygiene and sanitization as a precautionary measure is of importance to avoid the spread of the novel Coronavirus. As a part of prophylaxis during the COVID pandemic, hand sanitizing gel was formulated in Riyadh Municipality Central Area Laboratories based on WHO guidelines. The gel was evaluated by physical, chemical and microbiological testing and compared with five commercially available hand sanitizers in Riyadh City. The results revealed that the laboratory formulated gel has a pH of 6.0 and 80% ethanol vlv, with very strong antibacterial activity recorded in the range of 20.1 to 21.2 mm against five selected bacterial strains with highest activity against E.coli ATCC 25922. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration was observed to be 12.5% and the gel was able to kill the bacterial flora on volunteers hand by a Mean cfu reduction of 99.24% in 30 seconds. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that laboratory formulated gel is highly effective than 5 commercial brands against all the bacterial strains tested.

Nutrient canals are radiolucencies seen in the alveolar bone which are considered to be the channels that contain blood vessels and nerves supplying the teeth and the supporting structures. They are also called as circulating canals, interdental channels and vascular canals. They are predominantly seen on the intraoral periapical radiographs in the mandibular anterior region. Though they are considered to be normal, according to literature, some investigators have correlated the radiographic appearance of nutrient canals with certain pathologic conditions. Hence this study was undertaken to rule out the association as well as prevalence of nutrient canals in patients with systemic conditions like hypertension and diabetes.

Background: The Posterior capsule rupture is one of the most serious intra-operative cataract surgery complication that affect the success of Cataract operation and its outcome, results in relation to visual outcome and the quality of life to the patients. Objectives: 1) To identify our rate of Posterior capsule rupture. 2) To figure out possible related risk factors. Type of study: A retrospective study of all Cataract surgeries done in 2016 in Shaheed Dr. Aso teaching Eye specialty hospital, which is the only and main eye hospital in Sulaimaniya city, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Statistical Analysis: Statistical Package of Social Sciences 24 (SPSS-24). Patients and Methods: A retrospective study done on the file data of 1057 files(eyes/patients) underwent cataract surgeries either by phacoemulsification, extra-capsular cataract extraction or small incision cataract surgery at 2016, all useful information and details from the files were taken and analyzed. Inclusion Criteria: All good documentation files of cataract surgeries taken, regardless of cataract maturity classification as immature, mature and hypermature and regardless of surgeries done by hands of specialist, or training surgeons under supervision of seniors and regardless of types of machines of phacoemulsification, 1057 files taken. Exclusion Criteria: Vague or defective and in adequate information and documentation files were excluded, we exclude eight files only. Results: The rate of Posterior Capsular Rupture was 58 (5.4%) eyes in all cataract surgeries, 1057 eyes, that done by hands of highly qualified specialists or supervising the training resident surgeons, of those 58 eyes, 32 eyes ends with primary intraocular lens implantation, 16 eyes with secondary intraocular lens implantation and 10 eyes left as Aphakia. Risk stratification done by data available preoperatively, the maturity of cataract in which hypermature cataract had (22.2%), (95% CI 1.17 to 16.98; OR: 5.40) and P>0.001 risk for Posterior capsular rupture, and type of surgery in which ECCE had 6.9% risk factor (95% CI 1.03 to 3.13; OR 1.80), P> 0.036. Conclusion: Although Posterior capsular rupture in the average but it’s still significant.

The Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) after acute myocardial infarction is a rare complication. However, the prognosis is improved by early revascularization. But, the mortality is high in country in development. Through this work, we report a case of two ischemic VSR in adult patient of 64 years old, complicated by acute heart failure, with favorable evolution after medical stabilization and surgical suture.

Marfan syndrome is an inherited autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder known for its multiple pathologies: musculoskeletal, pulmonary, ocular and cardiovascular. The criteria of Ghent facilitate its diagnosis. It requires a complete clinical examination as well as multiple imaging modalities. Early diagnosis and medical treatment with beta-blocker can delay the progression of aortic dilatation or possibly stop the pathological process of the aortic wall, as well as timely elective surgery are the key measures to improve the outcome of this disease. We report here the fortuitous discovery of a Marfan syndrome in a 19-year-old patient complicated with aortic dilatation.