Abstract: Mothers and newborns are vulnerable to illness and deaths during the postnatal period. Postnatal period is the important part of maternal health care as the serious and life threatening complications can occur in postnatal period. The health of the mother is regarded as the indicator of health of the society so postnatal care is important for the health of mother and newborn as well. A descriptive research design was used in this study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the postnatal mothers. One hundred ninety six postnatal mothers were interviewed face to face using structured questionnaires. Most of the respondents 79(40.31%) belongs to 22-25 age groups and the mean age was 24.12 years. Majority of the respondents 182(92.86%) were Hindu. All the respondents were literate. Out of 196, 146(74.48%) of the respondents, got information from friends and family. Most of the respondents 123(62.76%) had average level of knowledge on postnatal care. Highest knowledge was in the area of danger sign of mothers and newborn and the lowest in the areas of family planning. The overall mean percentage was 64.34. There was significant association of level of knowledge with selected demographic variables; occupation (χ2=5.008) and education level (χ2=48.75). Mothers had moderate level of knowledge about postnatal care. Highest knowledge was present in danger sign and lowest in family planning. Awareness program is required to improve maternal knowledge on postnatal care.

Abstract: Type 2 DM is rapidly raising as a global health care problem that threatens to reach pandemic levels by 2030. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a disease with no cure and chronic disease that results in major morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the glyceated hemoglobin control and to determine factors affect on glycemic control among type 2 diabetes outpatients attending diabetic clinics at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The study design was observational prospective longitudinal follow-up study, the study was conducted with sample of 1077 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus outpatient recruited via attended the diabetes clinics at HUSM. HbA1c is parameter to measure the glyceated hemoglobin control. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent variables that affect the glycaemic control. The majority of patients 794 (73.7%) did not achieve target of HbA1c levels ≤ 7.0%. It has been found that age, race and antidiabetic medications are the factors that affect on the HbA1c.New strategy to improve the current status of control of diabetes is needed. The study recommends that health-care providers should pay more attention to type 2 dm patients with older age, Malay race and antidiabetic medications. The present study recommends that more time, money and attention must be given to the treatment of diabetic patients.

Abstract: Emotional and behavioral disorders are potential causes of disciplinary problems in the classroom. The main interest of the study is the EBD and achievements of Grade 1 pupils in public schools of South Cotabato. About 210 Grade One pupils and teachers were involved as subjects and respondents of this inquiry. A questionnaire in EBD was given to teachers for them to carefully assess the pupils’ ODD, CD and ADHD level. The survey tools were modeled after the Noanxiety.com resources and the Vanderbilt Rating Scales. Records of pupils’ gender, curricular and extra-curricular achievements were taken from the teachers’ own class records. Gathered data were suitably tabulated and presented in tables and chart. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to treat the data. Specific tools like percentages, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, mean and t-test were employed to analyze the collected data. As found out, the Grade 1 pupils’ EBD level is singly, and collectively of moderate levels. They have very good level in curricular and extra-curricular achievements alike. Male pupils have relatively higher EBD level than the females. Inversely, the female pupils have comparatively higher achievement than the males. The pupils whose schools were located in highly urbanized places have higher EBD level than those in the less urbanized areas. Also, the achievements of the pupils from schools situated in less urbanized areas were higher than those in the highly urbanized areas. This study concluded that only the pupils’ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was linked to pupils’ achievement. Gender and school location also affected pupils’ EBD and achievement levels.