The main cause of chronic HBsAg carriage is mother-to-child transmission. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical and biological aspects of mother-to-child transmission of the hepatitis B virus in newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place from 1 March 2020 to 30 June 2021 at the CSREF in Commune V. Sampling was exhaustive, and all newborns whose mothers were carriers of hepatitis B were included in the study. Results: One hundred and twenty newborns out of 3197 referred from the maternity unit, representing a frequency of 3.7% of hepatitis B in pregnant women. Eighty newborns were included. The other 40 were not included because the mothers refused. Among the mothers, 11/80 tested positive for HBeAg and anti-HBs, with 2 positive results (18.18%). Twelve pregnant women had viral load tests, with two positive results (16.66%). Six of the 80 pregnant women had received tenofovir during pregnancy (7.5%), and all the newborns had negative HBsAg results at 4 months of age. Conclusion : Low realization of viral markers of hepatitis B and treatment during pregnancy.

Introduction: Burn injuries remain a significant public health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries where comprehensive data is scarce. This study provides a detailed analysis of burn injuries in Northern Bangladesh, focusing on epidemiological characteristics and factors influencing burn severity and incidents. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 477 cases of acute, unintentional burns recorded between January 2022 and December 2022 at the Rangpur Medical College Hospital's Burn and Plastic Surgery unit. Data on demographics, burn types, etiology, and severity were collected from hospital registers. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and logistic regression, was used to identify predictors of burn severity. Result: Of the 477 documented cases, females represented 62.05% (296 cases) and males 37.95% (181 cases). Flame burns predominated, comprising 70% of incidents, significantly impacting females engaged in cooking activities. The data revealed a distinct seasonal trend with a significant peak in January, where 40% (191 cases) of annual burn incidents occurred due to campfire exposure. The analysis further demonstrated that burns covering more than 30% of total body surface area (TBSA) were significantly associated with higher morbidity and mortality, with third-degree burns occurring in 92.9% of females compared to 55.8% of males. Logistic regression identified age (OR = 1.28, CI [1.13-2.71]), gender (OR = 1.75, CI [1.11-1.47]), and the cause of ignition (OR = 0.56, CI [0.41-0.76]) as significant predictors of burn severity. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to address the high incidence of burns among young to middle-aged women, particularly through safer cooking practices and awareness campaigns. Additionally, public health strategies should consider seasonal risks and promote safer heating methods during colder months. This study underlines critical areas for intervention and highlights the importance of culturally tailored public health strategies to reduce burn injuries in Northern Bangladesh.

Background: Postpartum cardiomyopathy is an unusual type of heart failure during pregnancy that can result in significant maternal mortality in underdeveloped nations. The risk factors and in-hospital outcomes of this illness are still poorly known. Objective: To find out the risk factors and postpartum cardiomyopathy in hospital outcomes in a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted from January 1st 2022 to Dec 30th 2022 in the Department of Cardiology, Northeast Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh. PPCM was diagnosed as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 45% toward the end of pregnancy or within 05 months after delivery by standard Echocardiographic evaluation. In this study 77 cases of PPCM enrolled, excluding other causes of heart failure. Results: The mean age was found 27.0±5.83 years. Majority (45.45%) patients were diabetes mellitus followed by 26 (33.7%) hypertension, 33 (42.86%) obesity, 29 (37.66%) anemia, 16 (20.78%) pre-eclampsia and 14 (18.18%) dyslipidemia. Total 24(31.17%) were dead, 4(5.19%) were complete recovery, 12(15.58%) were partial recovery and 37(48.05%) were still suffering from heart failure. Conclusion: Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, anemia, pre-eclampsia, and dyslipidemia were all found as risk factors for postpartum cardiomyopathy in this study.

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional disorder characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and extra-digestive manifestations without clear organic etiology. Psychiatric comorbidities, including mood and anxiety disorders, are common among individuals with IBS, impacting healthcare-seeking behavior. Objective: This study aims to assess psychiatric morbidity in individuals with IBS. Methodology: A prospective observational clinical study was conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology, tertiary hospital, from June 2021 to June 2022. Convenient sampling was used to select 100 diagnosed cases of IBS aged 18 and above. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to collect socio-demographic data, and psychiatric morbidity was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V Axis-I disorders (Clinician Version). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Among the participants, 60% were male and 40% were female. Most participants (80%) exhibited psychiatric disorders, with depressive disorder being the most prevalent (30%), followed by anxiety disorder (29%) and somatoform disorder (10%). Non-psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 31% of participants. Conclusion: Depressive disorder emerged as the predominant psychiatric illness in individuals with IBS, followed by anxiety disorder and somatoform disorder. A comprehensive psychiatric evaluation is essential for effectively managing the symptoms of IBS, particularly in individuals with psychiatric comorbidities.

Background: Head and neck cancer is prevalent in Bangladesh, with a majority of patients presenting with locally advanced, inoperable disease. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and accessibility of concurrent and sequential (CCRT with RT) chemoradiotherapy in treating this condition, addressing a debate among oncologists. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (June 2019 - May 2020) involved 60 inoperable head and neck cancer patients, comparing concurrent chemoradiotherapy with Cisplatin and sequential chemoradiotherapy with Paclitaxel and Cisplatin, monitoring treatment response and toxicities. Results: The mean age was 56.1 (±9.5) years in Arm-A and 56.9 (±9.4) years in Arm-B. The primary endpoint was loco-regional control and early toxicities. In the final response, 14 weeks after the completion of treatment, the overall loco-regional control rate was 86.67% and 76.67% in Arm-A and Arm-B, respectively. Severe toxicities include grade 3 reaction only and happened 18(58%) vs 13(42%) in Arm-A and Arm-B, respectively. Among severe toxicities, mucositis and skin reaction were higher in the concurrent Arm and anemia and neutropenia were higher in the sequential Arm. However, there was no actual difference in the two treatment modalities (p=>0.05). The overall treatment time was short in concurrent chemoradiotherapy (49 vs 133 days) and lower treatment cost as well, which was statistically significant (p=<0.0001). Conclusion: concurrent chemoradiotherapy proves cost-effective and accessible, demonstrating outcomes similar to sequential chemoradiotherapy. It stands as a viable treatment choice for locally advanced, inoperable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: The study of free radical chemistry has received a considerable lot of attention recently. Our bodies produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and free radicals as a result of a variety of endogenous processes, exposure to various physiochemical situations, or pathological conditions. For optimum physiological function, free radicals and antioxidants must coexist in balance. Oxidative stress results when the body's defences against free radicals are overpowered. As a result, free radicals damage lipids, proteins, and DNA and cause a variety of human disorders. Therefore, using antioxidants from an external source can help to manage this oxidative damage. In contrast to synthetic antioxidants, which are either added to food to increase its shelf-life or are synthesised by plants and found in the foods we consume, natural antioxidants are produced by plants (for example, vitamins and other naturally-occurring substances in our food) (e.g. BHT). Annona squamosa. (Annonaceae, Family). Hindi-speaking locals refer to it as "Sitaphal." Insecticidal, purgative, laxative, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, anti-oxidant, antimalarial, and antibacterial are only a few of the pharmacological effects of the plant. Method: In current study HO-1 protein selected as target protein. The Auto Dock software used a grid-based docking algorithm to determine the bond. Using the Merck Molecular Force Field, 2D structures of compounds were created, transformed to 3D, and then energetically decreased up to an arms gradient of 0.01. (MMFF). Result: Flavonoids of A.squamosa found to be effective antioxidant component and effectively binds to be target protein HO-1 with binding energy -6.18 & -5.26 kcalmol-1for quercetin and rutin respectively. Conclusion: The finding of the in-silico molecular docking showed that both lead compound is effective binds & inhibitory action on target protein. The molecular docking of ligands like quercetin and rutin with human HO-1 receptor revealed that it has exhibited the chemical interaction with the amino acids in the active pockets.

Background: Male sexual dysfunction is a group of disorders that affect sexual function, most notably erectile dysfunction (ED), Peyronie's disease (PD), and premature ejaculation (PE). More than 50% of men between the ages of 40 and 70 report having some form of erectile dysfunction, which is a rather high prevalence that rises with age. Age, diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer, stroke, hypertension, penile trauma, depression, anxiety, and disturbances in central serotonin neurotransmission and 5-HT postsynaptic receptor function are risk factors for male sexual dysfunction. The International Index of Erectile Dysfunction, the Sexual Health Inventory for Men, and the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool are three sexual questionnaires that can be used to screen for these illnesses. Fenugreek, or Trigonella foenum-graecum L., also known as methi (in Hindi), has been used as a culinary spice, flavouring ingredient, and medicinal plant for a long time. Despite being more well-known for its seeds, fenugreek leaves and stems have also been claimed to offer medical benefits, including laxative, lactation stimulant, and labour assist properties. Method: The purpose of the current study was to assess the efficiency of flavonoids and steroid saponin found in Trigonella foenum-graecum seed for their inhibitory influence on PDE-5 enzyme to elicit the aphrodisiac potency. The Auto Dock software used a grid-based docking algorithm to determine the bond. Result: Fenugreek found to be effective aphrodisiac agent and effectively binds to be target protein PDE-5 with binding energy -9.8, -10.6, -7.88 & -6.61 kcalmol-1for Diosgenin, gitogenin, Naringenin and Vitexin respectively. Conclusion: The outcome of findings revealed that steroidal saponin(diosgenin) and flavonoid(vitexin) showed potent inhibitory effect on PDE-5 enzyme which reflects the efficacy of fenugreek seed as potent aphrodisiac agent via synergetic effect of steroidal saponin and flavonoid.

Background: Androgenic alopecia (AGA), commonly referred to as male pattern baldness, represents a prevalent condition characterized by hair loss in men worldwide. While genetic factors primarily influence AGA, hormonal imbalances, particularly involving androgens, play a significant role in its pathogenesis. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for AGA in males, offering hope for effective solutions for hair loss. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of PRP injections in the treatment of androgenic alopecia in males. Methodology: In this prospective study spanning January 2023 to January 2024, 30 male patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA) were enrolled. Diagnosis relied on clinical evaluation, with AGA staging based on the Norwood-Hamilton scale. Patients underwent baseline blood workup and received four PRP injection sessions every three weeks. Visual assessments, digital photography, and a hair pull test were conducted at specified intervals. PRP was prepared from peripheral blood using centrifugation and activated with calcium chloride before injection into affected scalp areas using the nappage technique. Data analysis employed SPSS software, with continuous variables expressed as mean ± SD and categorical variables as numbers and percentages. Fisher’s exact test was used for qualitative data analysis, with significance set at p < 0.05. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP injections in treating AGA in males. Results: The study population's age distribution showcases a varied demographic, with the majority falling within the 28 to 47-year-old range, particularly dominant in the 38-47 years group (50%), followed by 28-37 years (36.67%), while individuals aged 18-27 years represent 13.33% of the total participants. In terms of male pattern baldness, the Modified Norwood Hamilton classification reveals a predominant presence of moderate to slightly advanced stages, with Grade III being the most prevalent (23.30%), followed by IIIa (16.67%) and IIa (16.67%). Additionally, Grade II accounts for 10% of the population, while the more severe stages, IV and IVa, collectively make up 18.50%. At baseline assessment, the majority of patients exhibited moderate hair loss (75%), with mild hair fall noted in 20% and severe hair fall in 5% of the cohort. Over the course of the study, visual assessment on a 7-point scale demonstrated a progressive improvement, with initially all participants showing no change, which decreased to 26% by the 4th month, accompanied by increasing percentages of mild (40.6% at 4th month), moderate (29.6% at 4th month), and excellent (3.7% at 4th month) improvements. Analysis of improvement in the fronto-temporal region compared to the vertex region indicated differences in distribution but lacked statistical significance across categories of improvement (p-values ranging from 0.15 to 1.00), with moderate improvement being more prevalent in the vertex region (50%) compared to the fronto-temporal region (23.8%). Conclusion: PRP therapy offers a straightforward and cost-effective approach to treating AGA in males. With high patient satisfaction rates and minimal adverse effects, PRP presents itself as a viable option for individuals who have not responded satisfactorily to conventional treatments.