Drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae causes nosocomial infections, pneumonia, wound sepsis and infections of newborns and intensive care patients. In many cases antibiotics are no longer very effective in patients treated for K. pneumoniae infections. Various studies have shown antimicrobial properties of essential oils and different compounds that are part of them. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentration of the Mentha piperita essential oil against resistant strain of K. pneumoniae. Efficiency of peppermint oil when used with antibiotics in wound management as well as controlling K. pneumoniae infection was also investigated in this study. Well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of peppermint oil, where its inhibitory capacity was observed along with antibiotics and compared with control. Bacterial load of K. pneumonia OXA48 resistant strain on wound in rat models was also studied and compared. Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA48 and K. pneumoniae ATCC 700603 were inhibited by effectively by 40 µl/ml of peppermint oil in well diffusion assays. In rat models the wounds were healed, and epithelization was quicker in 10% peppermint oil treated wounds. Wounds applied with a combination of peppermint oil and Imipenem were more effectively protected from infection and showed better healing as well. Peppermint oil depicted both inhibitory capacities against K. pneumonia OXA48 and promoted wound healing as well. Further studies regarding PMO and its efficacy in wound management as well as its associated molecular mechanism would provide better understanding regarding its potential.

Objective: To assess the effects of 0.20 mg of mitomycin C washing on the pterygium recurrence. Methodology: A total of 15 individuals were included in this observational retrospective analysis. They underwent pterygium surgery using 0.20 mg of mitomycin C and a graft. The postoperative care given to each group was the same. Results: There were no recurrences, with a P-value of 0.000. Conclusion: This case series indicates that just washing the bare sclera with MMC is effective against recurrence.

Objective: In this study our main goal is to observe the experience of prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in thyroid swelling. Method: This retrospective study was carried out at tertiary hospital, Dhaka Bangladesh from July, 2021 to December 2022. Total 95 patients with thyroid swelling with normal thyroid hormone profile undergoing thyroidectomy were included as a sample population. Results: Among the 95 patients highest 23 (24.21%) patients age was (31-40) years. highest 55 (58%) patients were female and 40 (42%) patients were male. highest 42 (44%) patients had Only thyroid swelling and similar 42 (44%) patients had both thyroid+Lymph node enlargement. patients highest 90 (95%) patients had local metastatic and only 5 (5%) had distant metastatic. 58.95% had no complication on surgery. Conclusion: From our study we can say that, both the initial treatment and follow-up should be individualized according to prognostic indicators and any subsequent evidence of disease.

Background: In Saudi Arabia as well as globally, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Early diagnosis can lead to a better prognosis, and mammography screening may be an adequate way to get there. Studies on breast cancer and mammography awareness have been conducted in Saudi Arabia. Objectives: The current study set out to assess Saudi Arabian female patients' knowledge, attitudes, and awareness regarding breast cancer and mammography screening. Methods: A thorough search was carried out in October 2023, mostly using PubMed, in compliance with PRISMA criteria. The search was limited to English-language research that looked at the relationship between mammograms and breast cancer. To guarantee the quality and applicability of the evaluated research, certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed. Results: A wide spectrum of research from various Saudi Arabian locations was included in the study, with a major focus on female individuals. A discernible pattern indicated a high proportion of individuals with breast cancer and mammography screening. Our study concludes that Saudi women know very little about breast cancer and mmammography in general. Interventions must be put into place in order to combat this ignorance.

Artificial nutrition therapy is recognized as a key aspect in the management of critically sick patients, but there is still debate about the appropriate route and timing, particularly in the acute phase. It is a convenient, effective, safe, and well-tolerated method of clinical nutrition in the hospital and at home. When appropriate oral diet fails to supply the body with the required nutrients. EN is normally delivered by a nasogastric technique, whereas PN is usually administered through a central venous access, directly into the bloodstream. The injected nutrients can then be immediately absorbed by the various organs. Early mixed enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN) may be an appealing alternative in certain critically sick patients to meet recommended calorie and protein targets. PN is related with potentially serious or even deadly consequences when handled and administered incorrectly. Patient observation and treatment regimen adaptation are required.

Background: Zerumbone is a sesquiterpene which was found to delay progression of breast cancer through apoptosis induction via up-regulating Bax protein and down-regulating Bcl2 protein. Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate Zerumbone, a natural compound of medicinal herbal plant isolated from Zingiber zerumbet, for anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cell line. Methods: Human cancer cell lines of breast MCF-7 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). ON target plus smart pool siRNA, the most efficient method is used for preparation of β-catenin siRNA. Cyclophilin B siRNA is considered as positive control. Zrumbone is an ethanol-soluble compound isolated from Zingiber zerumbet, extracted by the hydro-distillation (steam distillation) method. Purification of ZER was examined using HPLC. The MCF-7 cells transfected with 100 µM human β-catenin (CTNNB1) siRNA or cyclophilin B siRNA positive control. After transfection, the cells were harvested at 48hrs for mRNA analysis or 48 – 72 hrs for protein analysis. IC50 for ZER was determined using MTT assay. MCF-7 transfected with β-catenin siRNA were then treated with ZER IC50. The mRNA expression was analyzed using real-time to ensure the knock down of β-catenin. TUNNEL assay was used to confirm apoptosis and flow cytometry was applied for quantification of apoptotic cells. Western blot analysis was done to evaluate the effect of ZER and β-catenin (CTNNB1) siRNA on the expression of β-catenin and its functional impact on the proliferation and survival of MCF-7 cells. Results: ZER decreased β-catenin protein expression in breast cancer cell lines. ZER downregulated β-catenin mRNA level in breast cancer cell lines. Depletion of β-catenin by β-catenin siRNA and ZER induce cell apoptosis. Apoptosis caused by ZER was confirmed/examined using by annexin V (annexin V was used as a marker for drug action). Conclusion: Zerumbone possesses anti-breast cancer activity, which could be attributed to the reduction of β-catenin protein expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, downregulation of β-catenin mRNA level in breast cancer cell lines and through annexin V.