Moderate mitral stenosis, associated to left atrium enlargement and atrial fibrillation, can accelerate thrombo embolic formation. If not found quickly, medical treatment may not be enough. We report a case of 64 years-old women with dyspnea and palpitation related to a moderate mitral valve stenosis, atrial fibrillation and enlargement of left atrium containing a large thrombus. Despite a well conduced anticoagulation treatment, she presented an episode of syncope with a thrombus that was more developed than previously. She underwent mitral prothesis, thrombectomy and reduction of left atrium with good outcome.

Background: Nanoscience and nanotechnology have been established recently a new interdisciplinary science and now a days it is one of the most attractive research area in modern material science. Nanotechnology can be defined as the synthesis, characterization, exploration and application of nanosized materials for the development of science. Objective: To Synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Neem leaves extract & characterization of MgO nanoparticles with its antioxidant and photocatalytic effects. Methodology: A Quasi experimental type of study in the Department of Pharmacology and therapeutics, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi from January 2018 to December 2018. Prior commencement of the study, approval was taken from the institutional Review Board of Rajshahi Medical College. Results: There was no significant difference between Neem extract and Mg (NO3)2. MgO-NPs vs Mg (NO3)2 showed Mean difference = -0.19, 95% CI of difference = 0.3434 to – 0.03662, P value = <0.05. So, there was significant difference between MgO-NPs. and Mg (NO3)2. Conclusion: Synthesis of nanoparticles were confirmed by changes of colour from yellow to yellowish brown, UV-Vis spectroscopy and also by evaluation of its photocatalytic and antioxidant properties. In the photocatalytic study 88% dye degradation of MgO-NPs was found and antioxidant activity of MgO-NPs was also examined using DPPH assay which showed significant (P< 0.0001) antioxidant properties with 80% DPPH scavenging activity at 100mg/ml concentration.

This study was aimed to optimize and formulate desvenlafaxine succinate loaded niosomal in-situ nasal gel for the treatment of depression. Desvenlafaxine succinate loaded niosomal in-situ gel was fabricated by Thin Film Hydration method also known as hand shaking method. The present study involves the fabrication, optimization and characterization of the niosomal in-situ gel. The formulations were fabricated to enhance the bioavailability of lipophilic drug, so the drug can cross the barriers present in the brain without any complications. The barriers present in the brain i.e. cerebro spinal fluid barrier, and blood brain barrier causes hindrance to molecules to permeate the brain but permit the lipophilic molecule to pass. The niosomes were optimized by 32 and each formulation was divided by 22 for the preparation of hydrogel 1%w/v and 1.5% w/v chitosan (for example- in formulation F1 22 is applied then it will further divided into two parts that is F1G1 and F2G2, 1%w/v and 1.5%w/v chitosan respectively). The particle size of the optimized formulation F1G2 was found 342.9nm through particle size analyzer. The TEM images of the optimized formulation showed the formulated niosomes vesicles. Maximum entrapment efficiency was found 83.7% of the optimized formulation. In-vitro release was performed for 8 hours and maximum release was 82.57 %. Zeta potential value of the optimized formulation F1G2 was -22.4Mv, which shows the stability.

Artificial Neural Network is a Computer program Based on simulation of Neurons of human brain. During the past Statistical Methods like RSM (Response Surface Methodology). Other statistical methods are used for the development of Modified release formulations (Controlled Release & Sustained Release formulations). Due to draw backs of statistical methods another technique is Artificial Neural Network. ANN has an emerging field in the Development of Modified release formulations (CR & SR). This review article containing the optimized formulations of different modified release formulations by ANN and also Structure of Artificial Neural Network (ANN), different optimized formulations are developed by using ANN are discussed. ANN helps in emerging field in the optimization of pharmaceutical formulations. ANN are learning according to the different set of data given to the neural networks. The functioning of the Artificial Neural Network identified according to the given output data of the formulations. ANN is a very powerful tool in the Pharmaceutical industries, Academics, Research institutes to develop new formulations.

Background: Three-dimensional printing is a revolutionary technique with Computer-Aided Design software and Standard Triangle Language (STL). This software helps print tablet (object) by placing material on the substrate, 3-D printing is an additional process in the manufacturing technology, where a 3-D object forms sub-substrate, the successive material layers are deposited. Method: 3-D printing technology requires technologically operated instruments for the layer-by-layer formulation of Active Ingredients and Excipients for the production of Personalised Medicine (PM) as per need of the individual patient. The techniques used to formulate 3-D printing objects include Stereolithography, Inkjet printing, and fused deposition modelling. Inkjet printig is again divided into continues jet printing and drop on demand. Different polymers are used to formulate such dosage forms like polyvinyl alcohol, poly-caprolactone, poly-lactic acid, etc. Conclusion: In this mini-review analysis, we have reviewed about 3-D printing technology. We have reviewed different dosage forms prepared using 3-D printing technology and discussed different technologies used in the 3-D printing technique.

Carbon nanotubes were introduced in the 21st century into biomedicine for the delivery of therapeutic, diagnostic and imaging agents. CNTs are unique one-dimensional structures having fascinating physical, mechanical and chemical properties and also drug loading properties. Ease in cellular uptake allows them to be explored for a wide range of applications in biology and medicine. This current review is an informative compiling of the origin of CNTs, and how CNTs are used in different aspects of biomedicine including drug delivery and cancer treatment, bio-sensing, biomedical imaging, and tissue engineering. The current review also focuses on the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and metabolism of CNTs and discusses the potential advantages and obstacles associated with biomedical applications.

The study outcome measure was, to find out the relationship between the Drug interactions and polypharmacy and other factors such as age, gender, hospital stay. A prospective cross-sectional study was performed in general medicine department of tertiary care teaching hospital, Ongole, over a period 6 months. All the patients admitted to the general medicine department were included using appropriate criteria and analyzed for Drug–Drug Interactions (DDIs). These drug interactions in the study were analyzed using the Micromedex Drug Interactions. 905 cases were screened for DDIs, among them 45% of cases with more than 1DDIs. With a total of 848 interactions, aspirin + clopidogrel is the most common interaction pair and is reported by 10.81%, while atorvastatin + clopidogrel is the second most common interaction pair with 9.03% prevalence. 5% of the incidence of interaction was observed in the cases of 408 cases. The regression analysis results the significance level at 95% Confidence Interval (p≤0.05) of DDIs and polypharmacy. This study concludes that there is a significant association between prescription drugs and DDIs. This type of study helps improve the quality of life. Estimating the most common DDIs can assistance the medical practitioner to recommend the minimal risk prescriptions and the combination of drugs.

Background: Sertraline is an antidepressant drug from the family of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and is used in the treatment of depression. Aim: The aim of this work was to develop a sensitive, precise, accurate, and specific analytical method for quantitative estimation of sertraline in pharmaceutical product for the purpose of using it as a quality control tool for testing sertraline products pre and post-market distribution, ensuring the presence of claimed drug amount in the pharmaceutical dosage form. Methods: Sertraline estimation in commercial drug products administered in hospitals and community drugstores and prescribed to patients through the development of an in-house High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method to contribute with a validated, specific and sensitive method to literature methodologies. Results: The method is sensitive, specific, and selective, and showed linearity R2>0.999 within concentration range of 2.5 to 100 µg/mL for dissolution medium USP (pH 4.5), pH1.2, and 6.8. Accuracy results within the range of 98% - 102%, precision CV% less than 2%. The assayed tablets mean recovery is 100.676%. Moreover, the dissolution results meet the required 80 percent dissolution limit within 30 minutes for the USP dissolution medium (pH 4.5). Conclusion: The analytical method developed is very sensitive and totally validated for use in the quantitative analysis of sertraline.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were used. The bioactive compounds Extracted from M. oleifera leaves by using many solvents, ethanol, ethyl acetate, water and methanol. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of M. oleifera leaves were carried out using standard procedures to identify the constituents of bioactive compounds (Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Tannins and Phenols). The methanol crude leaves extract were used to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration on E.coli and Klebsiella by using the method of Greenwood as well as the inhibitory zone. Results; this study shown that the extract is active against bacterial isolates, whereas the inhibitory effect of the isolate is dose depending, where higher activity was clear by dose 200 mg/L. Also, the sensitivity of the bacterial isolate to the extract differs whereas Klebsiella is more sensitive to the extract with average zone 3.73 mm while E. coli less sensitive by average zone of inhibition 3.47 mm at a maximum concentration 200mg/Lin comparison with a control.