The type of fertilizer and fertilization techniques affect the biochemical of the rhizosphere. Different Nitrogen fertilizer inputs will have different effects in the process of releasing N ions, soil pH, number of colonies and respiration activity of soil microorganisms, so that it will affect the acquisition of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P). Meanwhile, different fertilization techniques will provide different stimulations to root growth, so that it will affect the acquisition of N and P, as well as the production of rattan seedling biomass. This study used rizoboxes which were designed as a 2-factor factorial experiment. Factor I: N-Urea ((NH2)2CO) and N-ZA ((NH4)2SO4), and factor II: Homogeny Fertilization and Localized Fertilization. The results showed that N-ZA input decreased soil pH, causing the highest number of microorganism colonies, but did not increase the respiration activity of microorganisms. N-Urea input also decreased soil pH and increased the number of microorganism colonies. However, both N-ZA and N-Urea showed no significant effects on N acquisition and production of rattan seedling biomass. Localized fertilization caused rooting to be concentrated in the fertilizing area, decreased N acquisition, otherwise increased P acquisition, but cannot increase rattan seedling biomass.

Many of mosquito genera are exophagic that bite humans outdoors. Most community members in Nigeria are in the habit of staying outdoors at dusk for relaxation which can expose them to mosquito bites. This necessitated the design of this study with the objectives to examine the distribution of exophagic mosquito genera in six communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The communities were selected through a multistage sampling method. Adult mosquitoes were collected outdoors from the six communities by using miniature Centre for Disease Control light traps for twelve months. The collected mosquitoes were sorted into sexes and genera. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square using SPSS. Five hundred and five (505) adult mosquitoes were collected outdoors in the six study communities, females (96.6%) and males (3.4%). Mosquito genera collected were Culex (90.5%), Anopheles (5.3%) and Aedes (4.2%). Culex and Aedes Population peaked in October but Anopheles population peaked in July. Availability of mosquito vectors at dusk in these study communities is an indication that the community members could be at risk of mosquito borne diseases.