Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture causes degradation of soil and vegetation health. The consistent use of such agrochemical products shows harmful impacts on the environment. Therefore, urgent needs an eco-friendly substance which replace the chemical fertilizers. Thus, in the present study, the main objective was to evaluate the effect of fly ash to improve the growth and the management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of carrot (Daucus carota L.). A greenhouse experiment was conducted to observe the effect of different levels of fly ash concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% w/w) with normal agriculture soil on plant growth, photosynthetic pigments and against to disease intensity of nematode. Plant growth parameters and photosynthetic pigments were increased significantly from 10% to 30% fly ash levels as compared to control (0% fly ash). Maximum growth and photosynthetic pigments were found at 30% level of fly ash. But at higher levels of fly ash (40% and 50%), plant growth was reduced significantly. However, in the experiment of nematode management the number of galls, egg masses and eggs/egg mass gradually suppressed as the levels of fly ash increased from 10% to 50% and promote the growth of plant at 30% concentration of fly ash as compared to untreated inoculated control (0% fly ash with nematode).

In this study, the bacteriological quality of bottled water in Mandalay, Myanmar was detected by the use of MPN method. Nineteen brands of Bottled Drinking Water (BDW) samples were analysed for total coliform count as the primary presumption of coliform contamination. 7 water samples were contaminated in a range from 6 MPN/ 100ml to 16 MPN/100ml. The faecal coliform, the indicator bacterium Escherichia coli was detected in 5 out of 19 samples by confirmation on EMB showing metallic sheen and completed tests were re-confirmed by further biochemical reactions. Antibiotic sensitivity and plasmid DNA extraction from the E.coli isolates were examined. (40%) of 2 out of 5 strains contained plasmids with molecular weights of more than 23kb. The overall results showed that 63.15 % among the subjected bottled water in Mandalay were noted to be microbiologically clean and safe for drinking.

The objective of this study is to investigate the weight of schoolbags and the factors related to schoolbag carriage on first, second, third and fourth year school students. The study was performed on 800 children aged six to eleven years at elementary school level in a government school in Zawia city - Libya. The body weight (kg), height (cm), schoolbag weight (kg), percentile of school bag weight to body weight and questionnaire included school bag type, perception of students toward school bag weight were evaluated and health effects (back pain, shoulder pain and neck pain) were recorded during the interviewing period. The data were analyzed using statistical package for social science and the significance level was considered as α=0.05. A two-strap backpack without wheel that was used by (88.6%) students in the study and the weekly mean schoolbag weight was 4.27 kg. The mean schoolbag weight as a percentage of mean body weight carried by the students was (15.53 ± 8.88)% and 91% of students carry school bags weighing more than 10% of their body weight. For pain related to carrying schoolbag; 71% of students had shoulder pain, 63% had lower back pain, and 28.4% had neck pain. The effect of bag weight and ratio of bag weight to body weight were highly significant on back, shoulder and neck.

The study was conducted in five major Binadhan-11 growing areas of Bangladesh, namely Mymensingh, Sherpur, Jamalpur and Kurigram. The sample farmers were profitable to cultivate Binadhan-11 in the study area. Cobb-Douglas production function was applied for estimating the Binadhan-11 production function which implied the factors affecting with respect to labor and seedling cost that were positive values at Mymensingh, Sherpur and Jamalpur district respectively. Fertilizer, insecticide and power tiller that were positive values of 0.233, 0.121 and 0.234 and also significant. The reasons that hamper the achievement of goals are defined as problems whereas suggestions are indications of some measures to overcome these problems. The Binadhan-11 producers faced some major problems such as the scarcity of farm labour and high wage rate, adulterated fertilizer and insecticide, short supply and high price of fertilizers, lack of credit facilities, transportation problem, and lack of adequate market information in the study area.

This study was designed to determine the effect of feeding varying concentration of probiotics on growth performance in broiler chickens. A total of 81 day-old broiler chicks were used for this experiment, they were divided into three groups of 27 chicks each (n=27). Group A: No probiotics was administered and served as the control, Group B: birds were administered probiotics in feed at an inclusion rate of 0.5g/kg of feed, Group C: birds were administered probiotics in feed at an inclusion rate of 1g/kg of feed. Weekly weight gain and feed conversion ratio of each group of chickens was recorded for the six weeks experimental period. There was statistical significant difference (P≤0.05) in the weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the two experimental groups of birds (Groups B and C) fed probiotics and Group A (control) from the forth week to the end of the experiment. Groups B and C chickens had higher live weight and lower feed conversion ratio than group A chickens at the end of the experiment. However, there was no statistical significant difference (P≥0.05) in both the live weight and feed conversion ratio between groups B and C, fed different concentrations of probiotics. In conclusion, the use of probiotics supplemented in feed resulted in a significant increase in live weight and a lower feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens. It was therefore recommended that broiler chickens should be administered probiotics to help in weight gain and invariably maximize profit.