In India, Pteridophytes are particularly distributed in the Himalayan and coastal regions. The variable topography and climate conditions of India contribute to a rich diversity of its flora and Pteridophytic diversity. Kotgarh and Rampur forest division region has rich biodiversity due to the great altitudinal variations with the Pteridophytes found in shady and moist patches of the regions. 22 species of pteridophytes belonging to 10 families and 16 genera have been reported in the present study. Dryopteridaceae and Pteridaceae with 5 species, Polyodiaceae and Thelypteridaceae with 3 species and remaining Families with single species have been reported.

Forest and its bi-product (often called as biomass) are the essential part of environment. Forest is directly or indirectly serving human being from the very beginning. Three forest ranges of Gorakhpur district of Uttar Pradesh namely Banki, Tilkonia and Pharenda are the reserved forest which have Sal (Shorea Robusta) and Sagaun (Tectona Grandis) as the dominant species. The biomasses generated from the three forest range are mainly dry leaves and twigs which are generally used as litter. The biomass production of three forest ranges are 2782.91 Kt. The trees are mostly mature in which the results state that the Sal plantation forest are with less Above Ground Biomass. It is revealed that plantation forest has large tree population with less DBH class. The plantation forest has greater carbon stock as well as great carbon sequestration potential than any other forest.

Salinity and bad quality irrigation water is very common problem in Pakistan due to limited rainfall, more evapo-transpiration and high temperature. So, there is need to select salt tolerant plants. In view of that a pot experiment was conducted to study the growth performance and ionic composition of Conocarpus erectus L. under saline – sodic conditions. Sixteen treatments i.e. (T1=<4(dSm-1) + <15 (mmol L-1)1/2, T2= 20(dSm-1) + 20 (mmol L-1)1/2, T3= 20(dSm-1) + 40 (mmol L-1)1/2, T4= 20 (dSm-1) + 60 (mmol L-1)1/2, T5= 20 (dSm-1) + 80(mmol L-1)1/2, T6= 20(dSm-1) + 100 (mmol L-1)1/2, T7= 30(dSm-1) + 20(mmol L-1)1/2, T8= 30(dSm-1) + 40(mmol L-1)1/2, T9= 30 (dSm-1) + 60(mmol L-1)1/2, T10= 30 (dSm-1) + 80(mmol L-1)1/2, T11= 30(dSm-1) + 100 (mmol L-1)1/2, T12= 40(dSm-1) + 20(mmol L-1)1/2, T13= 40(dSm-1) + 40(mmol L-1)1/2, T14= 40 (dSm-1) + 60(mmol L-1)1/2, T15= 40 (dSm-1) + 80(mmol L-1)1/2 and T16= 40(dSm-1) + 100 (mmol L-1)1/2) were evaluated in order to assess their effect on plant growth and ionic composition. Results revealed that increasing levels of salinity and sodicity had negative effect on all plant growth parameters i.e. plant height, number of leaves and branches. While owing to dual stress of salinity and sodicity minimum percentage increase over control was noticed in T16 having EC (40 dSm-1) and SAR 100 (mmol L- 1)1/2. Results showed that sodium concentration increased with increasing salinity/ sodicity, while potassium in leaf samples was decreased. Maximum K/ Na was depicted in control while minimal at the highest level i.e. T16.

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) of Fabaceae family belongs to genus Cajanus usually grown in semi-arid tropics of Asia and Oceania, Africa and America. This crop has been a best source for improving food and soil quality amongst farmers. However, its seed have been always questioned for purity. This problem is managed by using polymorphic SSR markers. In present study, a DNA fingerprints generated by seven SSR markers and hybrid testing is performed on Pigeonpea test samples along with parental lines. The seed samples of pigeonpea were germinated in laboratory and three week old leaves samples were used for DNA isolation by CTAB method. A total of 9 alleles were observed in three test samples using three primers out of seven primers. The screening of the allelic data associated with the three cultivated varieties, revealed markers (CcM0246) displayed unique allelic profiles for one variety. Yet, the genetic fingerprinting data is not well resolved to potentially distinguished two bands of hybrid that are merely of 4-8 bp to confirm hybrid testing of seed. Hybrid Testing of pigeonpea may be confirmed including more SSR primers prepared from genomic DNA of pigeonpea.