Medicinal plants are used for their beneficial properties to the health of animals. Recently, it has been found that the use of medicinal plants eliminates industrial pollutants. The objective of our work is to determine and evaluate the effect of two medicinal plants (Thymus algeriensis and Artemisia campestris) on oxidative stress parameters in sheep. The results obtained in liver cells show that medicinal plants have produced a globally antioxidant preventive effect, this is revealed by the significant decrease in the GSH level (199.976±1.913), and the enzymatic activity of CAT (0.699±0.02). In addition, an increase in the enzymatic activities of GST (0.435±0.017), GPx (1.881±0.040) and MDA (29.009±0.086) was observed. These results clearly show an antioxidant effect of medicinal plants on the organism of sheep.

Bacopa monnieri or Brahmi(family- Scrophulariaceae) used in indigenous medicine as nerve tonic and cardio tonic possess diuretic, adaptogenic, antioxidant, antidepressant, antibacterial properties, enhances cognition profoundly flourishes in the marshy regions. Preliminary phytochemical tests carried out using aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts revealed the presence of phytochemicals like amino acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, phenol, saponins and tannin accounted for its medicinal aspects in organic solvents.

Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb., also known as Purple heart glory is a slender vine belonging to family Convolvulaceae. In Sanskrit it is known as lakshmana, in hindi as Bankalmi and in Malayalam as Tirutali. It is one among the ten sacred plants known collectively as “Dasapushpam” in Kerala. These plants are used for rejuvenating the body in the form of „karkidakakanji‟ in the monsoon season in Kerala which is also prescribed in text books of ayurveda. Juice of the plant is used as deobstruent, diuretic, hypotensive, uterine tonic and antidote to arsenic poisoning. The present study aims at the preliminary phytochemical screening of the successive solvent extracts of Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb. and identification of compounds in the Hexane extract by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry technique. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence flavanoids, tannins, flavanoids, terpenoids, steroids, sterols, cardiac glycosides and carbohydrates. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of the compounds Caryophyllene, α –Curcumene, β – Cadinene, ϒ –Elemene, Caryophyllene oxide, Asarone, Germacrone, Methyl isopimarate, Abietic acid, Lupeol, β –Amyrin and α –Amyrin which have not been so far reported in Ipomoea sepiaria. The higher percentages of compounds α- amyrin(33.341) β –Amyrin(16.28) which form the basic skeleton of triterpenoid saponins are promising.

Seeds of Myrianthus arboreus P. Beauv were collected from from Didoko forest, at 140 km from Abidjan (Côte d‟Ivoire). One part of seeds (about 1 kg) was dried at sun (30-35°C) for a week (Dried Seeds, DS). A second part (1 kg), was boiled in water (100°C) for 30min (Boiled Seeds, BS). Oils were extracted using chloroform and methanol as solvent and the content in oil was determined by gravimetry. Physicochemical caractéristiques were determined using the méthodes of the American Oil Chemists Society. The total lipid contents of myrianthus arboreus seeds were 45.82±2.16 and 46.02±0.49; respectively for DS and BS. Physicochemical properties of these oils showed that acid values ; saponification and peroxide values and the iodine indices were 1,94±0.1 and 3,00±0.17 mg KOH/g ; 136,68 ± 0.32 mg KOH/g of oil and 148,36± 0.64 mg KOH/g of oil ; 5,49± 0.49 mEq/Kg and 5,6±0.10 mEq/Kg ; and 104,037±0.037 g I2/100g and 103.O42±0.042 g I2/100g respectively for DSO and BSO. The colours of myrianthus arboreus seeds oils were yelloworange for DSO and pale yellow for BSO respectively. The quality and stability of traditionally processed myrianthus arboreus seeds oil as affected by temperature were evaluated by analyzing their physicochemical properties which included acid, saponification, peroxide, and iodine indices.

Crop simulation models are used in predicting crop productivity under various crop management options and changing climatic parameters that require determination of genetic coefficient of a crop cultivar. Successful use of a crop model depends on the accuracy of calibration and validation of different parameters. This paper aimed to evaluate the DSSAT (v4.6) crop model in Bangladesh for wheat production. Genetic co-efficient of four wheat cultivars (BARI Gom-25, 26, 27 & 28) were determined through DSSAT model. Experimental data on irrigation and nitrogen effect on wheat production was used for model calibration and date of sowing effect for model validation. Model evaluation results showed closer estimation of crop growth duration, grain and biomass yields. Percent error difference in grain yield of wheat varieties (BARI Gom- 25, 26, 27 and 28) between simulated and observed values were 10.98%, 8.70%, 10.79% and 8.94%, respectively. Relationship between simulated and observed grain yields, and simulated and observed crop duration both at calibration and validation process are strong having higher R2 value. The model has been successfully calibrated and validated for wheat growing in Bangladesh environment and can now it can be taken for further applications in natural resources management and climate change impact studies.

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the proximate composition, minerals content (Na, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn), simultaneous quantification of water soluble vitamins (like ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine & folic acid) by HPLC of three different grasses viz. Cynodon dactylon, Apluda mutica and Eleusin indica. The result showed the highest calorific value of C. dactylon (124.031 ± 1.154 kcal/100g) which was also found to contain highest amount of protein and carbohydrate. An appreciable quantity of carbohydrate was estimated in the aerial parts of E. indica (17.762 ± 0.122%). E. indica had the highest potassium content (2.207 ± 0.006 mg/g) and calcium content (6.023 ± 0.002 mg/g). The sodium content ranged between 0.049 – 0.289 mg/g. The aerial parts of E. indica (274.945 ± 0.085 mg/100g) contained a very good amount of vitamin C. The water soluble B vitamin content in these plants under investigation ranged between 0.009 to 12.133 mg/100gm. In conclusion, the results indicate that these IAS can be utilized as food supplement.

The impact of culture environment was assessed for the production of GIFT tilapia over high stocking densities at 20 fish/m2 and 30 fish/m2 in ponds and 300 fish/ m3 and 400 fish /m3 in cages in the same ponds to ensuring maximum utilization of the pond resources. After 120 days culture period the highest net yield of 3.72 kg/ m2 was obtained from ponds which were stocked with 20 fish / m2 and fed with homemade feed consisted of 60% wheat bran + 30% mustard oil cake +10% flour, while the highest net yield of 8.55 kg / m3 was obtained from cages stocked with 300 fish / m3 fed with the same feed from the same cultural environment. The lowest net yields of 2.34 kg/ m2 and 8.48 kg/ m3 were recorded from fish stocked at 30 fish/ m2 and 400 fish / m3 fed with the same feed from ponds and cages respectively. With the high survival rate the growth and yield of tilapia fish were found to be significantly influenced (p <0.05) by the cultural environment, stocking density and their interactions. Therefore the culture environment had a greater exerted effect on the production than the stocking densities.

A total number of 1042 flathead mullet Mugil cephalus were searched for parasites during summer & autumn 2015 and winter & spring 2016. Six different parasite taxa belonging to Microsporidia, Myxozoa, Ciliophora, Anisakidae and Gnathostomatidae were identified. The total number of infested mullets along the study period with one or more parasites was 396 representing a percentage of 38.0%. Mullets were infested with Microsporum velveticum through ingesting the intermediate host. This parasite was observed in the intestinal epithelia, adipose tissue, liver, stomach epithelia, muscles and air bladder. Myxidium depressum was observed in the liver and gall bladder of infested mullets in a plasmid stage that had undergone sporogony forming multicellular myxospores. Trichodina murmanica was observed on the gill surface, the operculum and respiratory epithelium where superficial to deep ulcerative lesions were visible. Third Larval stages of Anisakis simplex, Raphidascaris acus and Gnathostoma spinigerum were observed free in the duodenum and ileim or encapsulated in the stomach epithelia, liver, and muscles. The infra-community of protists was highest in winter and fall while for parasitic nematodes was during spring and summer. Seasonal fluctuation of the parasite community was demonstrated by using standard calculations.

This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the level of violence and influencing factors, reasons for violence according to women, women‟ behaviors in response to violence, reasons given by women who are exposed to violence for sustaining their marriage in Sanliurfa in Turkey between 15 December 2013 and 15 February 2014.Participants were selected by using 30 cluster sampling methods. A total of 300 married women were reached. The prevalence of being exposed to any type of violence was determined 78.7%; this included physical violence 18.3%, verbal violence 50.3%, emotional violence 38.3%, sexual violence 8.0%, and economic violence 57.0%. Considering all types of violence, the most common applicator of violence was husband (90–100%). Almost half of the women stated that they gave no reaction/became introverted and cried in response to violence from their husbands. Almost half of women being exposed to violence by their husbands were observed to sustain their marriage. It is also, 23.6% of women stated that they confirmed man's wife to violence in some cases (It is also 23.6% of women stated that they are OK with their husbans violance to themselves in some cases.) Women who participated in the study had a very high prevalence of being exposed to violence. Even more, violence was approved by women in some cases. These results show that health care professionals rendering services in the region have great responsibilities to prevent, determine and protect individuals from the violence, as well providing treatment and rehabilitation.