Spilanthes filicaulis (Compositae or Asteraceae) is a genus comprising of over 60 species that are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, such as Africa, America, Borneo, India, Sri Lanka and Asia. The total phenolic, flavonoid, tannins, b-carotene and lycopene content of the leaf and flower parts of Spilanthes filicaulis were evaluated. UV-Vis spectrophotometric scanning of leaf and flower in ethanol was also carried out. The methanolic extracts of leaf and flower of Spilanthes filicaulis had higher phenolic, flavonoid, tannin and ascorbic acid contents these bioactive compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity of the plant.

This research paper is an attempt to understand how the cultural and social dimensions which operates in the Indian Cultural Context. The research has coined a term called “Cultural Conscience” in order to get a clearer picture of how the various dimensions interact and its effect on the psyche the term has been introduced. The aim of this research is to see how these mould the psyche of the individual and it is being explored through the perspective of the therapist. The sample size for the study was Clinical and counselling psychologists.10 psychologists were interviewed. The tool used for data collection was semi- structured interviews. The analysis for the data was done using thematic analysis. Four global themes were arrived at. The global themes identified were Identity Crisis, Identity Formation, Self- Sacrifice in Clients and Shame and Guilt in Therapy. The manner in which the cultural factors influence one’s way and nature of relationships that is formed with the external world is also studied in this research.

The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various diseases has been established. Maintaining the steady balance between reactive oxygen species and natural antioxidants is a crucial factor, and could probably serve as a major mechanism in preventing damage by oxidative stress induced by toxic substances. A comparative study and correlation analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), serum vitamins (A, E and C) and the redox active metals (Cu, Fe and Zn) in CCl4 induced oxidative stress in albino rats with various doses of CCl4 were determined. The serum levels of oxidative stress markers were compared between the normal and test groups. The result showed a significant increase in the serum vitamins A and E in the CCl4 induced oxidative stress rats compared to control rats (P<0.05). However, the serum level of vitamin C was not statistically different compared to control rats (P>0.05). MDA correlated strongly and positively with vitamin C (r=0.94), Vitamin A(r=0.87), Vitamin E and Fe(r= 0.90 and 0.87 respectively) while the serum MDA showed a weak positive relationships with Zn(r=0.02) and Cu(r=0.47).Thus, the increased serum levels of some antioxidant vitamins and the redox metals in the experimental rats as observed in this study could be a compensatory regulation in response to induced oxidative stress by CCl4.The evidence from this study lends credence to the ability of endogenous antioxidants to counter the effects of free radicals generated by hepatotoxic substances and maintain the steady-state of prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the system.

Filariasis (Philariasis) is a parasitic and infectious tropical disease that is caused by thread-like filarial nematode worms and their larvae. Filariasis is rarely fatal and it is the second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability in the world. The larvae transmit the disease to humans through a mosquito bite. Considering the Tubulin protein as drug target, which is the principle component of the Microtubular system in the filarial nematodes, the drugs were found by using the Drug Bank and their analogs by using NCI Enhanced Database Browser. Benzimidazole carbamates, a class of microtubule depolymerizing drugs was found to act by disrupting the assembly of tubulin dimers into microtubules. Thus the filarial nematode muscular system gets severely affected. The Filariasis can be prevented and eradicated by administrating one of the drugs belonging to benzimidazole carbamates class. Using Discovery Studio Visualisation tool, the analogs of this class of drugs were docked with the tubulin protein and novel drug was identified for an effective treatment against Filaria.

As a new source of natural antioxidants, there is now an expansion of interest in phytochemicals to be used in foods and pharmaceutical preparations to substitute synthetic antioxidants, which are being restricted due to their potential health risks and toxicity. The present investigation deals with the in vitro antioxidant activity of different solvent extracts of whole plant of Naregamia alata using various antioxidants model systems viz., DPPH, Hydroxyl, superoxide and ABTS+ radical cation scavenging activities. The ethanol extract of N. alata whole plant showed strong superoxide radical scavenging activity. The reducing power of the extracts were determined and compared with standard ascorbic acid. The reducing power increased with increase in concentration. Among the solvent tested, methanol extract of N. alata possessed strong reducing activity. The antioxidants that are present in the whole plant of N. alata studied in this investigation could be used to inhibit or prevent the harmful consequences of oxidative stress. The antioxidant effect could be related to the free radical scavengers like flavonoids and phenolic compounds.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease which consists Joint pain, inflammation, synovial proliferation and damage of articular cartilage. Morning stiffness along with joints pain is a primary diagnosis. If not treated it can lead deformity of the wrist, fingers, toes. NSAIDs are the first line treatment. Now a days DMARDs are frequently used as soon as RA is confirmed along with some corticosteroids. The present study reveals that use of prednisolone has a miraculous pain relieving effect over deflazacort even for short term regime.

In order to evaluate the impact of plant population on stressed soybean clycine max (L.), a field experiment with 3 different plant populations (at three different irrigation regimes was carried out. Plants were grown under frequent irrigation (W1), moderate and severe drought stress (W2 and W3). The different plant population designated as D1, D2 and D3, corresponding to spacing between plants of 5, 10 and 15 cm. Seed yield components(number of fruiting branches, pods, seeds weight per plant , seed yield per unit area and measured related characters decreased from normal irrigation regime to water deficit stress in both seasons. Also, the same trend was observed due to increasing spacing between plants particularly under stress conditions. Based on results, soybean yield and yield components decreased when that drought stress occurred. Withholding irrigation reduced seed yield by more than 50% in stressed soybean plants compared with normal irrigated plants.

This study had the objective of evaluating the effect of water deficit on the Physiological Parameters and Water Use Efficiency on soybean plants under different planting densities. It was conducted during winter and summer seasons of 2014-2015. The different plant densities designated as D1, D2 and D3 (5, 10 and 15 cm between plants) under three watering regimes (W1,W2 and W3) irrigation every 7,14 and 21 days. The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks design in split trail with three replications. All physiological parameters (LAD, RGR,CGR, NAR) and relative water content of soybean plants tended to decrease with prolonged watering interval (W3) or in high planting density (D1).Water use efficiency for dry mater (WUEdm) was higher in moderate watering interval (W2) as compared to frequent and pronged watering regimes (W1 ,W3). An interaction treatment (W1D3) increased RGR,CGR, NAR while the highest WUEdm was recorded in (W2D3).the result revealed that, the improvement in water availability with low planting density stimulated plant growth and caused increase in dry matter accumulation and longer leaf area might explain the higher CGR, NAR. In conclusion, sowing soybean in wider spacing under frequent irrigation can increase most of the physiological characters measured in this investigation.

The main objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of plants with antifungal and antibacterial potentials. Ethnobotanical surveys on the uses of plants cited in the traditional pharmacopoeia against vaginal infections are conducted in the markets and districts of four Cameroonian cities. The botanical data collected was recorded in the Excel 2010 version spreadsheet and processed statistically. A dendrogram showing the similarity of use of anti vaginitis plants by city and by respondents was established using the Jaccard similarity coefficient using the XlStat software. A total of 73 respondents were interviewed. The analysis of the dendrogram of similarity between the uses of plants in the four cities reveals a comparison between the knowledge of the respondents of the cities of the Center region and the dissimilarity between those of the Littoral. Thirty-four (34) plant species belonging to twenty-eight (28) plant families have been identified and the first is Asteraceae. The Guineo-Congolese phytogeographic type (12 citations) predominates. Fourteen (14) diseases and/or symptoms related to the female plant were obtained; Vaginal infections (33 citations) the first. Traditional medicines prepared are mostly preserved at room temperature (41%). Sexual intercourse comes first (37%), as a prohibition that can damage the treatment. Given the upsurge in vaginal infections in Africa, it is essential to develop a strategy to find effective means of control and especially at a lower cost to propose an alternative to conventional therapy.

In this work concentrations of ten different minerals were evaluated in commercial white cheese, pigtail cheese and triangles cheese. Minerals were analyzed by an Inductively Coupled plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). Respective mean mineral concentration (ppm) of white cheese, pigtail cheese and cheese triangles were: Al 94.125, 73.75, 64.0; Cr 0, 0, 0 ; Mn 1.40, 1.2875, 0.6875; Fe 13.075, 16.45, 6.675; Ni 8.6125, 8.8, 6.925; Cu 0, 0, 0; Zn 22.4125, 22.9125, 14.7875; Cd 1.2, 0.6625, 0.4375; Ba 0, 0, 0; Pb 16.375, 4.9, 4.6125. These results show that there is some minerals (Cr, Cu and Ba) were not exist and other found with high concentration in comparison with the standard specification.

This work aimed to study the effect of laser irradiation on bee honey (Seder) physical and chemical properties. Four honey samples were used in this study with 250 g of each; three of them were irradiated by He-Ne laser with output powers 1 mW, 1.5 mW and 2 mW for 5 minutes for each sample. Analysis included measuring of some honey physical and chemical properties for the irradiated and no irradiated samples particularly electrical conductivity, refractive index, density, viscosity, moisture, Ashes, wax, monocular sugars, total sugars, glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose and acidity, it also included estimation of some elements like Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mg. The results show that irradiation by He-Ne lead to upward effect for some physical and chemical properties like electrical conductivity, monocular sugars and density, and it lead to downward effect for ashes, wax, sucrose and density, while it lead to no significant differences (P>0.05) on refractive index, viscosity.

Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) is an indigenous fish of freshwater lotic ecosystem belonging to the family Notopteridae of the Order Osteoglossiformes. This fish species has relatively larger market demand presumably because of having rich lipo-proteinaceous tissue at the ventral side of the body. Wild variety of Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) was identified at the lower reach of Muhuri river of Tripura, India. As per IUCN criteria this fauna may be considered near threatened fish species in North-east India in general and Tripura in particular. In various corners of India this species was considered as preferred fish species. Morphometric character of the fish specimen showed hump-like structure just behind the head area, bar, transverse, silver at dorsal body area. Greatly compressed body, laterally, oblong and tapering towards caudal area. Dorsal fin, significantly smaller. Anal fin, very long; originated with the fusion of pelvic fin and also ended by fusion with caudal fin. Scales, tiny, sharp at ventral area of head. A specific fin formula was noticed in Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822).