Nutritional and industrial processes have increased the demand of oils and this in turn has led to the search for oils from different types of seeds for possible development and use. It is in this vein that the Tetracarpidium conophorumfruit nuts were extracted with n-hexane (soxhlet extraction at 650C). The proximate composition,antinutrient and mineral content of freshly harvested Tetracarpidium conophorum(African walnut)seed from 4 weeks after anthesis (WAA) to fruit maturation were assessed in this study. Data obtained for the proximate composition at matured stage of fruits developmentrevealed significant high amount of fat(43.4±0.82) %; moisture(36.7±1.39) %; crude protein(30.1±1.38) %; carbohydrate (16.91±1.07) %;low crude fibre (2.59±0.64) %, and ash content(7.3±0.07) %[which contained higher amount ofminerals such as of Fe (130.81 ± 3.8) ppm, Mn (40.11 ± 1.00) ppm, Ni (2.92 ± 0.81) ppm, and Cu (12.01 ± 0.71) ppm, decrease inCa (1.082 ± 0.08) %, Cr and Cd were not detected throughout the period] at 20 WAA compare to immature stages of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 WAA. The level of antinutrientfactors are oxalate (0.46±0.05) mg/100g; Phytate (29.2±0.44) mg/100g and cyanogenic glycosides (0.17±0.07) recorded lower content, except tannins (90.5 ±3.93) mg/100gwhich recorded significant (p < 0.05) higher content at 20 WAA when compared with immaturestages in 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 WAA. This study revealed the nutritional profile of the fruitnut as good sources of plant protein, carbohydrate and fat, with reduction in the level of some anti-nutrients in matured fruits which are potentials that could be exploited by food and pharmaceutical industries.

The antioxidant properties of oil and fruit extracts of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) from four weeks after anthesis(WAA) to fruit maturation were assessed in this study. The oils from the fruits were extracted with chloroform-methanol 1:2 (v/v), and the methanol extracts of the fruit seeds were also prepared using standard procedures. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of the fruits and oil extracts was determined by spectrophotometric methods using 2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Results from the study indicated that DPPH and H2O2 scavenging capacity as well as percentage inhibition of MDA were significantly (P˂0.05) higher inoil 20 WAA (48.34±0.12%,46.9±1.03%,53.5±0.46%)and whole fruit extracts at 20 WAA (31.84±0.33%, 19.0±1.12%, 51.7±0.26%) respectively,but with significant (P˂0.05) lesser percentage of inhibition at 4-12WAA in both the oil and the whole extracts. The hepatoprotective effects of the extracts were examined in vivo in male wistar rats challenged with sodium arsenate. Results showed that the rats fed with the oil and whole fruit extracts had significant reduction (p<0.05) in lipid peroxidation, increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities especially at 16-20 WAA relative to control values. African walnutextracts treated rats also showed similar decrease in serum AST (122.7±2.58U/L), ALT (59.1±2.49U/L), ALP (20.4±0.15U/L) and GGT (229.0±0.36U/L) levels at 20 WAA when compared to 4 WAA extracts treated rats, AST (129.3±0.64U/L), ALT (72.3±2.59U/L), ALP (34.4±0.08U/L) and GGT (299.7±1.27U/L). The results suggest that the various fruit extracts possess varied degrees of potent antioxidant activity both in vitro andin vivo and may serve as important sources of antioxidants in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

This work discussed expression of the energy and millennium relativity of energy in Einstein generalized special relativity and pression of direct modification of Newton kinetic energy by using Taylor series he four vectors energy momentum of total energy formula is derived through energy relation and Lorontz transformation.