In the present study an investigational work was performed to find out the effect of population density on the breeding of domesticated zebra finch. For the present experiment three different types of cages were used namely: type A, type B and type C cages. Type A cage was utilized for colonial breeding of zebra finch. Ten adult compatible pairs of zebra finches were kept in type A cage. Five type B cages were built for the study; two adult compatible pairs were kept in each type B cage. Ten type C cages were constructed for the present study; one adult compatible pair was released in each type C cage. In type A cage 5 pair produced eggs and only one pair hatched and reared chicks successfully. In type B cages none of the pairs produced eggs. In type C cages all pairs produced eggs, hatched eggs properly and reared chicks successfully.

Phytochemical study of medicinal plants is essential to determine the presence of active constituents in them. Alkaloids, the largest class, are the most important from medicinal point of view. Alkaloids are low molecular weight nitrogen containing compounds and are typically alkaline. Approximately more than 2000 alkaloids have been isolated so far. They are found in those plant parts where there is great vitality and growth. The medicinal use and their biological source along with family has been discussed in their review.

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of pigs within three district of Jos South Local Government area of Plateau state, Nigeria. A total of 200 pigs were sampled. Faecal samples were analyzed using the saturated sodium flotation method. A total prevalence of 31% was recorded; with Ascaris suum 12.5% followed by Oesophagustomum 12%, Strogyloid Spp 3%, Eimeria Oocyts 3% and Strongyle Spp 2.5%. There was higher prevalence in female (58%) than males (42%), and also higher prevalence in adults pigs (35.7%) than young pigs (20%) which was significantly different (P<0.05). There was also higher prevalence in Du district (32.5%) than Vwang and Kuru (30%) but was not significant (P>0.05). This study therefore confirms the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasite in pigs and it was therefore recommended that farmers improve on their bio-security and also adhere to routine de-worming regimen.

The efficiency of the vortisand unit was tested on water treatment to produce water suitable for different purposes. Its efficiency was recorded in improving some of the physicochemical properties of raw water and the produced water and compared to Iraqi specifications. Samples were collected regularly from both raw and produced water during the months of December 2016 and January and May and June 2017. Both physical and chemical properties, including pH, Electrical conductivity μs \cm, Temperature °C, Turbidity NTU, Dissolved Oxygen mg\L ,Total Dissolved Solid mg\L and Total Suspended Solid mg\L were examined as well as Total plate count CFU \ ml and Total coliform cell\100ml.The results of the pH produced by the unit of vortisand showed that they were located within the weak base side, ranging from 7.3 to 7.93. The temperature of the produced water ranged from 9.66 to 30.5 while turbidity decreased from 343.33 to 2.88 NTU .The rates of electrical conductivity within the permissible limits, with the highest value of water produced 1026.66. While there was no good reduction in the number of total plate count and coliform bacteria with high soluble solids values.

Lameness & mastitis are recognized as one of the most important disease affecting the broiler chicken and dairy cattle respectively. The study was performed to observe the biochemical characters and antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causing lameness in broiler chickens and mastitis in cows. Characters of the isolates were determined by biochemical tests such as mannitol fermentation, catalase, coagulase test. To investigate the antibiogram profiling, frequently used antibiotic discs were tested. From this study, it was observed that at least 84% isolates of S. aureus from lame broiler chicken and mastitic cow’s milk sample showed positive result in mannitol fermentation test, catalase and coagulase test respectively. But all isolates showed negative result in oxidase and motility test. Interestingly all the bacterial isolates from both broiler and milk sample showed different antibiogram profiling. Antibiotic susceptibility testing suggested that approximately more than 45-65% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin and about 25% resistant to amoxicillin in all isolates. The study reveals that more than 32% isolates were susceptible to methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 35% chicken isolates were vancomycin resistant. Maximum resistance was observed against azithromycin (68%) of mastitic cow isolates. The present study also showed that S. aureus was most sensitive to ciprofloxacin (86-100%). Based on results of this study we conclude that drug resistance of S. aureus may vary with the antibiotics being used and with different population.

Giardia is a common protozoan parasite infecting children in developing countries and is known to result protein loss in infected children. The objective of this study was to assess the association of plasma protein profile with Giardiasis among children in district Anantnag of Kashmir valley. The study included 268 children aged 5-15 years belonging to both the genders. Stool samples collected from children were screened for Giardia infection and blood samples were analysed to estimate plasma protein, albumin and globulin levels. The results showed a significant decrease in mean values of total protein between infected and uninfected children from 6.71±0.96 to 7.01±0.98. The mean values of albumin also showed a decrease in their values between infected and uninfected children from 3.7±0.45 to 4.21±0.51 and that of globulin showed an increase in mean values from 3.01±0.91 to 2.8±0.58 between infected and uninfected children. However the difference was statistically insignificant (p> 0.05).

Determination of antibody titre of dogs vaccinated against canine distemper in Jos North and South local Government Areas of Plateau State was carried out by collection of sera of vaccinated dogs and administration of wellstructured questionnaires to dog owners. The samples collected were analyzed using the immune-blot ELISA Kit to determining the antibody titre (immunoglobulin G). It indicated that dogs vaccinated against the disease mounted adequate protective immunity. The result revealed that 54 (90.0%) of the sampled dogs have protective immunity, with those given more than one dose having higher level of protective antibody. Statistically, the result showed that the antibody titre did not differ significantly in relation to immunity and sex, breed, age and location but significant difference was seen in relation to number of primary vaccination. The result also revealed that those dogs that received booster doses (secondary vaccination) had more protective antibody. The study was aimed at evaluating the antibody titre of dogs vaccinated against canine distemper in Jos, Plateau State.

Competitive business environment organizations are facing today has prompted them to develop business strategies geared to improve performance in order to sustain competitive advantage. However choice of strategy alone cannot guarantee performance without considering the role of macro environment in that relationship. The study therefore sought to establish the moderating effect of macro environment factors on relationship between combined strategy choices and performance. Over and above the direct effect that moderating factors (macro environment factors) may have on company performance their moderating effects on the relationship between strategic choice and performance were tested. Overall, it can be concluded that the four components of company’s macro environment manifest and affect strategy-performance relationship in varying degrees. The findings imply that companies are environment dependent and to manage this company-environment interface, an appropriate strategy choice is necessary. The study also presents a clear link between environment-strategy-performance such that managers of such companies should consider in enhancing company survival and growth.