Study aims to evaluate the evolution of anthropometric and hematological parameters in anemic rats treated with an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves. Seventy rats aged 8 to 16 weeks were divided into seven groups of ten rats each, including five males and five females. Various doses of the aqueous extract (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1600 mg/kg) were administered in comparison with a positive control group and a group treated with Ranferon®. Treatments were administered from day 3 to day 14, with blood samples taken on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Anemia was induced by injecting 40 mg/kg of phenylhydrazine twice a day for two days. The samples allowed for the determination of red blood cell count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit levels, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelet count. The results showed a correction of anemia by the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves from the seventh day of the experiment, unlike the positive control group.

This study investigates the growth characteristics of Pinus roxburghii and Pinus wallichiana in Ghora Galli, Murree, comparing trees from roadside environments with those from undisturbed areas. Analysis of diameter at breast height (DBH), age, height, and growth rates reveals significant differences influenced by environmental conditions. Roadside trees show lower growth rates and DBH, likely due to soil compaction, pollution, and altered microclimates. Conversely, trees in undisturbed areas exhibit higher growth rates and more consistent growth patterns, suggesting that reduced human disturbance allows for optimal tree development. The findings emphasize the dominance of Pinus roxburghii and Pinus wallichiana in the forest structure, highlighting their significant ecological roles. Additionally, the study illustrates the importance of a diverse plant community across different ecological layers, which enhances ecosystem stability, supports biodiversity, and promotes soil health. These results provide valuable insights for forest management strategies and urban planning, offering guidance on sustaining healthy tree populations in areas influenced by human activity.