Mangrove ecosystem is one of the productive ecosystems in aquatic environment. Mangrove populations occurring along the Vashista branch of Godavari River were studied using line transect with 16 m² quadrates and the quadrate samples were analyzed. In the present investigation a total of 16 mangrove species were reported, out of which four are true mangrove species, six associated mangroves and six halophytes were reported. Transect studies revealed that mangroves were distributed up to 10 to 20 meters in Darbharevu and 30 to 40 meters in Biyyaputippa region. Most of the forest in Darbharevu is in form of long strip and in Biyyaputippa forest extends and density of species was higher than Darbharevu. In both study sites (Darbharevu and Biyyaputippa) the species with the highest density was Suaeda monoica whereas the species with lowest density was Sonneratia caseolaris. The maximum height in these two stations varied from 5 to 10 meters only. Percentage frequencies of DBH (Density at Breast Height) classes were estimated. In the present study only two diameter classes in Darbharevu and 4 classes in Biyyaputippa were reported. This is an indicative of the small and bushy mangrove vegetation in station 1 and little bit larger canopy was reported in station 2. Anthropogenic and aqua industry play a critical impact on the survival of this mangrove ecosystems.

Climate change presents an urgent and impending threat to virtually all global biological systems. In recent years, there has been a surge in research endeavors aimed at investigating the potential relationship between changes in climate patterns and the spread of infectious diseases. This scoping review aims to assess the influence of climate change and global warming on the spread and occurrence of numerous infectious diseases worldwide. It is recommended that there is an urgent need to carry out some educative programs in all countries to combat global warming and then reduce infectious diseases’ dissemination. This review followed the PRISMA flowchart that included studies on global warming and infectious diseases from 2019 to 2023, The studies were selected by a systematic search using different electronic databases from Science Direct, EBSCO, PUBMED, BIOMED CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, which were filtered to include only studies that were published after January 2019 using MeSH terms to find from total 980 research articles were found in different databases, only 10 studies were eligible for the review scope and aims, they found that climate change has a remarkable impact on the dissemination and incidence of many infectious diseases, there was a significant correlation between precipitation, temperature, and the transmission of pathogens and arthropods, the potential economic devastation caused by a bacterial infection in rice could escalate significantly in the coming decades, also, the highest temperature was shown to have a strong relationship with the incidence of dengue, leptospirosis, food poisoning, TB, and hand, foot, and mouth infections in addition to several viral infections such as COVID-19. The governmental efforts to educate and counsel people to reduce their habits and some wring manners such as fuel burning to decrease global warming as one of the main factors causing infections dissemination.

The seed is a mainly reproductive unit of the spermatophyta and links the subsequent generations. Other essential seed activities include survival in arid, cold, or other adverse conditions and dispersal. There is a lot of variety in the internal and external architecture of seeds. OsMKP1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase, is encoded by GSN1. Rice glume cells proliferate when GSN1 expression is suppressed, producing larger but fewer rice grains. The GSN1 directly interacts with OsMAPK6 and dephosphorylates it, rendering it inactive. Thus, precise regulation of OsMAPK6 activity via reversible phosphorylation is essential for regulating the rice grain size. Some genes also negatively control the grain width and weight by inhibiting cell proliferation. The embryo, which is made up of cotyledons, hypocotyl, and radicle; the endosperm, which feeds the growing embryo; and the seed coat, which envelops the embryo and the endosperm, are the three main parts of plant seeds, each of which has unique biological functions and outcome. The growing seed can benefit from the ability to predict when a sugar burst would arrive through the phloem, since this would allow the seed to quickly adapt to its storage product synthesis. However, there are still certain obstacles that prevent the use against a variety of insect species. The adoption of various formulation procedures that improve dsRNA persistence and cellular absorption in insects is expected to overcome these issues, which are mostly related to the varying RNAi sensitivity of oral RNAi in insects. The CRISPR/Cas system has become the most popular being shown to be useful for editing the genome of plants, its uses in plants have grown significantly in comparison to other technologies.

Depression is a growing global challenge, posing a major threat to human well-being and the future of society. Despite centuries of scientific efforts, the disease remains incurable, with incidence rates steadily rising. While genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development, they do not address the root cause. Dharma Master Jun Hong Lu, through the Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door, offers a novel Dharma approach to treating depression. His teachings reveal that the underlying cause of depression is spiritual occupation, and once these spirits are elevated through Dharma practices, patients recover naturally. Unlike conventional treatments that manage symptoms, this approach offers a holistic solution by resolving karmic entanglements and restoring emotional balance through the Golden Buddhist Practices. This study offers a novel approach to treating depressive conditions and brings hope to patients and their families.

Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production sector, now contributing more to global fish biomass than capture fisheries. While much of this expansion has occurred over the past 50 years, it has been accompanied by numerous environmental challenges, including aquatic pollution driven by urbanization, industrialisation, harbour dredging, sand filling, pesticide runoff from agricultural activities, and land-use conflicts between aquaculture, industry, and tourism. These environmental concerns have heightened the focus on sustainability, particularly in relation to ecological preservation. This review explores the various types of waste generated by industries, households, and other establishments that are discharged into aquatic ecosystems, examining their potential impacts on aquaculture. In addition, it evaluates mitigation strategies aimed at reducing or eliminating these environmental threats. Increasing attention has been placed on raising awareness of environmental issues and adopting sustainable practices to minimise aquaculture's ecological footprint. While environmental degradation was not viewed as a critical issue in the early stages of the industry's development, it has now become a central concern across academic, governmental, industrial, and market sectors.

Kiwifruit is a climacteric fruit that may decay rapidly and softens after harvest if not stored properly. How to expand the storage time of kiwifruit to maintain the quality, is a critical challenge for the kiwifruit industry development. Kiwifruit’s post-harvest life is tied closely to post-harvest management, such as scientific harvesting, green preservation, ethylene management, and low-temperature storage, as well as texture and quality. This study focuses on the advancement of related research from four perspectives and explores their impacts on kiwifruit storage in order to give a theoretical foundation for breeding varieties with superior storage capacity, and the development of storage and preservation technologies. Hayward and Hort16A varieties of kiwifruit had been cultivated largely in past but now, yellow-fleshed Sun Gold, Gold 3 and Gold 9, Hongyang, Maohua Cuixiang, Xuxiang, etc. are becoming significantly famous in international commerce. For the best postharvest quality, kiwifruit must be stored at low temperatures. Fruit quality, harvesting maturity, ethylene production, storage life, green preservation, and pathology are the priorities in breeding projects. To take advantage of adequate germplasm resources, reproductive biology understandings are needed.

Abrus precatorius, Linn commonly known as jequirity bean or rosary pea, is a herbaceous flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae. The plant is best known for its leaves and seeds, which are used as beads and in percussion instruments, and which are toxic because of the presence of abrin. The phytochemical evaluation of the different extract of the Abrus precatorius leaves shows the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, sterols, flavanoids, tannins, phenolic compounds proteins and amino acids, fixed oil, and the absence of glycoside, saponin, and anthraquinone. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions from leaves on the growth of Staphylococcus, E.coli, and Pseudomonas. The leaf powder was macerated using 96% ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, and aguish then fractionated using as solvent. The antibacterial activity test using the diffusion method showed that the extract of leaves had antibacterial activity against Staphyloococcus E.coli and Pseudomonas. The most active fraction was the ethanol fraction, with a concentration of 50% with an average inhibition zone diameter of 12.2 mm.

To support sustainable environmental management and agricultural practices, this study examines the sophisticated uses of nanoparticles and nanotubes in the remediation of industrial, farming, and sewage wastes and their function in creating biofertilizers. Because of their unique qualities, which include a large surface area, reactivity, and adjustable features, nanoparticles are very good at adsorbing, breaking down, and eliminating contaminants from wastewater. Because of their conductivity and structural robustness, nanotubes further improve cleanup procedures by enabling quick pollutant absorption and destruction, particularly for complex pollutants, including organic compounds, heavy metals, and pesticides. The efficacy, stability, and possible environmental hazards of several nanomaterial types, such as metal oxides, carbon-based nanoparticles, and functionalized nanotubes, are examined in this study. The article also emphasizes the dual use of these nanotechnologies in creating biofertilizers, which can support agricultural yield increase, soil health improvement, and nutrient cycling. This strategy offers a viable technique to lower environmental pollutants and promote sustainable farming methods using nanotechnology in wastewater treatment and agriculture. The paper also discusses the obstacles and restrictions to widespread use, including expense, possible toxicity, and regulatory issues. This article sheds light on nanotechnology's present and potential agricultural and environmental management applications, thoroughly examining its contribution to developing sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.

Indonesian herbal heritage that still survives and continues to be preserved. Jamu that is very well known by the people of Indonesia is jamu gendong. Based on the Regulation of the Head of the Food and Drug Administration of the Republic of Indonesia number 12 of 2014 concerning traditional medicines that are prohibited from circulating, namely traditional medicines that do not meet the quality safety and usefulness requirements, one of which meets the TPC test requirements. The Total Plate Count (TPC) test is used to calculate the number of bacteria that grow and develop in a sample, as well as a reference for determining the quality and safety of simplisia. One of the regulations of the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) no 32 of 2019 concerning the safety and quality requirements of traditional medicines that in the process of making liquid preparations of internal medicine must meet the requirements of a total plate number value of r < 105 colonies / mL. The purpose of this study was to determine the TPC value before and after How to Make Good Fresh Herbal Medicine (CPJB) education and to determine the effect of CPJB education on jamu gendong rice kencur sellers in Kejaksan District and Kesambi District. Samples in this study were taken from 5 herbal medicine sellers. The results of this study showed the TPC value before CPJB education, sample 1 12 x 10-5, sample 2 1.4 x 10-4, sample 3 2.6 x 10-4, sample 4 3.6 x 10-4, sample 5 2.2 x 10-4. This study used leaflet media to conduct CPJB education. TPC value after CPJB education, in sample 1 amounted to 2.7 x 10-4. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of CPJB education on kencur rice herbal sellers, as evidenced by changes in TPC values before education and after education.

The rising demand for sustainable and biocompatible materials in biomedical applications has led to significant interest in green-synthesized nanoparticles. This review explores the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Prunus dulcis (almond gum) as a natural capping and stabilizing agent, with a focus on their potential to enhance in vivo wound healing. Almond gum, a natural biopolymer, offers numerous benefits, including biodegradability, water solubility, and bioactivity, which improve the stability and biocompatibility of AgNPs while reducing environmental impact. The unique properties of almond gum-capped AgNPs, such as enhanced antimicrobial efficacy, anti-inflammatory effects, and antioxidant activity, make them particularly advantageous for wound healing applications. We analyze the mechanisms through which AgNPs promote wound repair, including bacterial inhibition, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis, while mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrate accelerated wound closure, reduced infection, and minimized inflammation, underscoring the clinical potential of these biogenic nanoparticles. This review also addresses current challenges, such as production scalability, nanoparticle consistency, and the need for comprehensive toxicity studies to optimize AgNPs for medical use. The findings indicate that almond gum-capped AgNPs represent a promising, eco-friendly alternative for wound care, contributing to advances in regenerative medicine through sustainable nanotechnology.