The research concluded that the use of extracts of moringa leaves and moringa seed as an edible coating might help to preserve the shelf life and also the quality of Avocado. The cultivars that were focused on during this research were “Hass” and “Gem”. It may also reduce the risk of infection and inflammation in these cultivars. Methanolic and ethanolic moringa extracts were also examined for their antifungal properties. Shortly, 1% Carboxyl methylcellulose which is shown as CMC and 2% MLE which is Moringa Leaf Extract or MSE which is moringa seed extract, were combined. The fruit was either coated with either (MLE + CMC) or that of (MSE + CMC) and then it was kept at a temperature of 5.5°C and 95% relative humidity (RH) for a period of 21 days. The fruit was kept at ambient temperatures i.e. 21°C and 60% RH, after being refrigerated to approximate retailing conditions. Fruit firmness and postharvest quality indicators including ethylene production and respiration rate were analyzed. In relation to potato dextrose agarose which is shortened as PDA, both coatings were also evaluated for their effectiveness against the fungus which may spoil the fruit quality during postharvest opperations. Compared to uncoated fruit, the coated fruit was noticed to have less mass loss. Respiration rates were also observed to be decreased along with Ethylene production, in a contrast to the uncoated fruit. A. alternata and C. gloeosporioides were both inhibited by ethanol leaf extract by 43.60% and 42.90%, respectively. All pathogens exposed to coverings had damaged hyphal structures, while uncoated fruit had healthy hyphal structures. Stronger antibacterial activity was observed in ethanolic moringa leaf extracts as compared to the extracts that were derived from methanol. The outcomes of this research showed that carboxyl methylcellulose CMC containing moringa extract reduces illnesses in fruit. Throughout the postharvest supply chain, it also maintains the general quality of avocados. The shelf life of the avocado was remarkably increased. The avocado sector may eventually commercialize the moringa extracts combined with carboxyl methylcellulose, as a new organic edible covering.

In this present investigation, seasonal distribution of micro algae in Konam reservoir (Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh) was studied for a period of one year from November 2022 to October 2023. A total of 61 species were reported which belongs to four groups of algae such as Chlorophyceae (26), Bacillariophyceae (15) Cyanophyceae (15) and Euglenophyceae (5). In post monsoon season higher number (57) of micro algal forms were recorded and lower number (41) of microalgae were reported during monsoon season.

Background: Proteus mirabilis isolates are nosocomial bacteria that increase the incidence of multidrug-resistant infections in immunocompromised patients. The garlic genus belongs to the Allium family, and its cultivation is widespread throughout the world. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of garlic extract against different strains of P. mirabilis that can products biofilms and carry genes such as blaCTX-M. and pm1 genes. Method: Sixty three specimens were collected from identified patients' UTI from Al-nasiriyah general hospital between September and December 2023. Using microbial culture methods, the samples were cultured, and using Biochemical and VITEK system tests, the P. mirabilis isolates were diagnosed and confirmed. Results: Out of a total of 63 specimens isolated from UTI patients, there were 11 bacterial isolates, and the results of the garlic extract were against the bacteria. 3 isolates were susceptible, and only two isolates were moderately sensitive at a concentration of 100%, three isolates were sensitive at a concentration of 75%, and only two bacterial isolates, one of which was moderately sensitive and the other resistant, respectively. It was noted that most of the bacterial isolates carried the blaCTX-M gene. While all isolates were able to produce biofilms using sterile polystyrene 96-well microtiter plates. In addition, all bacterial isolates carried the pm1 gene.

Biodiversity can be defined as the variability among the living organism from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes of which they are part, this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystem. The growing awareness that biodiversity is a precious global asset to present and future generation and that species survival and the integrity of habitats and ecosystems are at serious risk, has increased significantly the importance of biodiversity related research. The loss of biodiversity is a global crisis, there is hardly an region on the earth that is not facing ecological catastrophes. Of the 1.7 million species known to inhabit the earth (Human is just one of them), one third to one fourthvof the species is likely to extinct within the next few decades. Therefore, onus of safeguarding biodiversity is not just on government or indigenous communities, but on all of us as this is our common heritage.

The new drug research is usually based on synthesis medicine. The use of these medications has created problems such as tolerance in humans, for a long time and due to legitimate use of anti-infection, microbial defense against branded medication is growing. A mutagensis study by Ames in the early 1970's, used worldwide by drug and chemicals companies to diagnose mutagens carcinogenes, making it possible for them to be detected, and to be added to the mutagenic synthesis portion or radiation source triggering irreversible changes, and to the genetic material transmitted from the parent. deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The purpose of this study was to assessment of carcinogenicity of synthetic compounds series by hemolytic, Ames and Damaged DNA protection assay. The cytotoxicity was determined with hemolytic assay and DNA Damage protection assay while mutagenicity was resolute by using S. typhimurium TA100 and TA98 strains. It is concluded that the compounds with less hemolytic compounds are good for uses in drugs. Synthetic compounds were determined to be non- mutagenic in nature. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare the hemolysis percent between different concentrations.

Anthracycline is one of the chemical drugs commonly used worldwide for the treatment of various types of cancer. The high doses of it cause unwanted toxic side effects on the tissues. Our study designed to demonstrated the physiological and histopathological effect of the drug on the heart organ of experimental animals. For this purpose, twenty adults male rats were used in this study and were divided into four main groups. Control group, Azoxymethane treated group, Azoxymethane qrand anthracycline treated group, and anthracycline treated group only. Blood of the experimented animals was collected in order to measure biochemical parameters such as glutathione, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, peroxynitrite, Creatinine Kinase, C-reactive protein Creatine kinase –myocardial band, and Myoglobin concentrations. In this study a significant increase and decrease was observed in biochemical parameters. Histological examination on the heart shown that rats treated with AOM have been revealed only hypertrophy of cardiac muscles, while other groups were observed hypertrophy of cardiac muscles furthermore. Aorta in AOM group have been revealed Adverse histological changes and transformation in the thickness aortic wall layers. The tissue sections of the groups treated with Anthracyclin showed a negative effect on the aortic wall layers, the endothelial layer and the middle layer, as well as the outer layer in the sections prepared from these groups.

The study was carried out to detection of H.pylori in (200) patients who attended two teaching hospitals in Baghdad. The diagnosis done by Immunochromatography methods. Stools and blood samples was taken from each patient as well as other (30) healthy control matching in their age. The study included detection the Levels of Interleukin-40 and CRP in sera of patients and control. The result indicated presence of H pylori antigen in 115 cases 59 cases of males and 51 of females, Also, the result indicated increasing levels of IL-40, cholesterol, Triglycerides, Low density lipoprotein, Very Low density lipoprotein increased significantly while the level of High density lipoprotein decreased in patients sera in comparison with healthy control.

Multimodal datasets, integrating data from multiple sources such as text, images, audio, and physiological signals, have become increasingly valuable in scientific research. These datasets provide a comprehensive understanding of complex phenomena, facilitating advancements in fields like medicine, psychology, computer vision, and natural language processing. Publicly available multimodal datasets have democratized access to high-quality data, enabling researchers worldwide to contribute to and benefit from scientific advancements. This review article examines the significance of public multimodal datasets, highlighting their contributions to scientific research, challenges in their use, and future directions. We explore key datasets, their applications, and the methodological innovations they have spurred. By providing a detailed overview, this article aims to inform researchers about the potential and considerations in leveraging multimodal datasets for advancing scientific knowledge. The integration of diverse data types offers unprecedented opportunities for developing sophisticated machine learning models, uncovering novel insights, and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations. However, the use of these datasets also presents challenges, such as data integration, computational demands, and privacy concerns, which need to be addressed to fully realize their potential.

Agriculture is not merely a science it is an art of living which greatly influence each and every minute sector of the nature. Balancing the needs of a growing global population with the demands of biological diversity necessitates significant changes in how humans produce food at the primary level. When the ever-growing population created a global problem starvation, India moved towards green revolution in late 1960s by using high yielding potential varieties, modern machinery, synthetic pesticides as well as fertilizers. The pattern of unethical resource (land) use drags the ecosystem to its edges of tolerance. Permaculture, being a holistic approach of sustainability with its advanced ideologies pave a way for the environmental sustainability. This wholesome concept, with its worldwide ethical designing practices and core principles acts as a potential approach for diversified sustainable agriculture and a salient solution for varied ecological problems. This review highlights the basic structural framework, core principles and designing processes of permaculture and its role in ecological and agricultural sustainability.