Plants engage in communication through diverse methods, encompassing chemical signals, sound waves, and root networks. These signals serve to convey information about environmental challenges such as drought and disease, and play a role in attracting pollinators or deterring predators. Coined as the "plant's secret language" by Tompkins and Bird in 1973 [1] Tompkins, P., & Bird, C. [1973]. Scientists have identified specific compounds that plants use to signal to one another, including volatile organic compounds [VOCs] and herbivore-induced plant volatiles [HIPVs] that can be released into the air and root exudates that are released into the soil. Recent research has shed light on the mechanisms behind this communication, revealing that plants have a sophisticated network of sensory and signalling pathways that allow them to perceive and respond to various stimuli. The review covers a range of topics, including how plants communicate with each other, how they respond to biotic and abiotic stresses, and how they use this communication to defend against pathogens and predators[herbivore]. It also discusses the potential applications of this knowledge in various fields, such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental monitoring. Overall, this review study highlights the importance of understanding the plant's secret language for communication and its potential applications in various fields like agriculture, conservation, and medicine.

Background: Unani system of medicine is based on the theory of Mizaj and Akhlat which is considered as the basics of Unani therapeutics. Mizaj is defined as the admixture of four humours (Akhlat), the quantity and quality of which determines the particular Mizaj of an individual. Every individual has its own unique Mizaj (temperament), hence reacts to various internal and external stimuli viz. Air, water, diet, drug, climate, emotions, body reactions etc. differently according to temperament. Hence, Mizaj plays an important role in diagnosis and treatment of any disease. According to the classical texts of Unani Medicine, it is the concentration, quality and quantity of humours which forms the base and cause of health and disease in an individual. As per Unani doctrine, Mar’d (Disease) is caused either due to Su’ Mizaj (abnormal temperament), Su’tarkib (abnormal composition/structure) or Taffaruk Ittesal (discontinuity). This study was conducted at Majeedia Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Hamdard University, New Delhi India to evaluate the Mizaj (Temperament) of patients of COPD. Out of 60 patients enrolled for the study, 52 (86.6%) were Balghami, 03 (5%) were Damwi, 05 (8.3%) were Safravi and none was of Sawdawi Mizaj. Thus, it was evident that COPD is more common in Balghami Mizaj patients.

Changes in the pigment and protein complexes involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis can be caused by environmental conditions, particularly those related to light quality and intensity during growth. The metabolome analysis of rice and soybean showed that dehydration stress increased the levels of galactinol and raffinose. One key method by which microorganisms control plant development has been proposed to be the generation of auxin or auxin precursors by bacteria associated with roots, or the manipulation of auxin production in plants. The effects of pathogenic and beneficial root-interacting fungi on the hormone content and auxin responsiveness of Arabidopsis, as determined by the auxin-inducible promoter system. Many developmental processes, like stem elongation, germination, vegetative growth, blooming, and reproduction, are regulated by GAs. Analyzing the metabolome of Several distinct defensive mechanisms function in different ways to prevent or lessen harm. Coeluting substances in the sample matrix have an effect on the analyte signals. They can impede or, less frequently, increase the analyte's ionization process, producing stronger or weaker signals, respectively. Furthermore, auxin, a different hormone present in plants, combines with cytokinins to prevent senescence, which, at least in its early stages, serves as a structured metabolic time and a tissue breakdown. Furthermore, synthetic amino acids with unique light-absorbing side chains may be used to add colors to such a new photosystem and rice showed that under circumstances of dehydration stress, levels of galactinol and raffinose were enhanced.