The effect of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) leaf and Garcinia kola (bitter kola) seed extracts on the corrosion of mild steel in Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) environment. Enrichment of SRB was achieved by anaerobic incubation of waste water sample from gutter along old market road Owerri, Imo State Nigeria in BmA medium and BmA medium without iron. Weight loss method was used to determine corrosion. The specific growth rate and cell biomass of SRB in batch culture was determined. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts were also determined using standard methods. Results showed measurable weight loss of mild steel samples as a result of corrosion by SRB. Garcinia kola extract had inhibitory effect on SRB at concentrations above 50mg/ml while Anacardium occidentale extract showed no inhibition capacity at 200mg/ml. The MIC for the Garcinia kola extract was at 50mg/ml and MBC at 100mg/ml while there was no observable MIC and MBC value for Anacardium occidentale extract. The cell biomass of the SRB in a batch culture containing Garcinia kola extract was observed to decrease over time, while Anacardium occidentale extract showed an increase in cell biomass with no decrease over time. Garcinia kola extract also reduced the specific growth rate of SRB significantly while Anacardium occidentale extract did not show any significant reduction in the specific growth rate of the SRB cultures. Garcinia kola may have potentials for use in the development of benign natural products for mitigation of microbial induced corrosion of mild steel.

Heliotropium curassavicum L. was screened for antimicrobial activity against some plant and human pathogens. Plant parts of H. curassavicum, were collected from mangrove habitats of Chollangi, near Kakinada, Plant parts are dried and extracts were obtained successfully with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water, by using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. The antimicrobial activity of the plant extracts on the various test organisms, including multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria were investigated. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was determined by the Well Diffusion Method. The results concluded that the leaf and stem extracts of H. curassavicum possess antibacterial, antifungal activities. There is a possibility of developing this plant as a source of antibacterial and antifungal agent and further investigations are necessary to identify the bioactive principles.

Background: Genomics is one of the disciplines of modern medicine that focuses on identifying causative genes and their related variations that may have an impact on complex disorders. Candidate gene association studies are critical for determining the genetic relationship of genomic variations with complicated illnesses. Aim: The goal of this study is to anticipate the likely relationship of PRDM16 gene variations with negative effects on structural and functional features using online computational tools. Methodology: An insilico approach was utilized to find out the rare variant in the PRDM16 gene. Result: We found eight missense variants including rs572205989, rs201814961, rs572178955, rs182452331, rs551202646, rs554705536, rs184929979 and rs573567598that could play a role in the development of disease. Discussion & conclusion: This methodology can be used in future genomes and association studies, but it must be tested in a model organism and cell culture. This research could be useful in personalized therapy and could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic markers for a variety of disorders.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) widely grown in Pakistan during winter season. Aphid is one of the biological factors that inhibits seed germination and plant development. Methyl jasmonate is a plant growth regulator known to take part in defense responses against different types of stresses including Aphid attack. The current study was conducted to improve the growth of the wheat by the foliar application of Methyl jasmonate. Two wheat varieties (Shafaq and Gold) were be sown in plastic pots filled with 6 kg soil in each pot. After germination, wheat plants were treated with different Aphids. After three weeks of treatment data about survival percentage, root attributes, shoot attributes and nutrient analysis was be recorded using standard procedure. The experiment was be conducted under a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates and results was be deducted after statistical analysis. Different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (100 micromolar and 1mM) were applied to 20 days old wheat plant. Rhopalosiphum padi was allowed to infest the methyl jasmonate treated plants as well as non-treated plants. Control plants were covered with net and no concentration of methyl jasmonate were applied. Aphids were allowed to infest the plant for 48 hours, after that the plant from all treatments were sampled for all physiological studies. Methyl jasmonate treated plants as well as control plants were used for direct aphid population count after every week. Concluded results depicted that plants exposed to different concentrations of methyl jasmonate affected the root and shoot length, plant height which was further improved through MeJA supplementation.

The molecular epigenetics study in the plants plays a vital role in plant gene regulations, since the early descriptions of the non-Mendelians plant-based gene activities to pivotal detections of chromatin amending proteins necessary for plant growth and the RNAs which facilitates the silencing of genes in human and in the eukaryotes. Different factors playing important role in gene regulation in plants through cellular signaling pathways. Different genes show over expression and repression in response to different conditions in plants as a result of environmental stresses. While on the other hand, plants have haploid (gametophyte) development stage which occurs after meiosis and before fertilization. Genomic screening in Arabidopsis thaliana, the model plant, have been mainly worthwhile, yielding more than one hundred and thirty epigenetic regulators so far. The major contribution of plant science to current global hot problems like sustainability and climate change makes the expansion of plant science research capacity crucial. The objective is to highlight that reflect these developments in the creation of new biotechnological tools (NBTs) and the creative uses of plant genetic engineering. Studies that concentrate on the creation of NBT for resistant or previously non-transformable species to enable the unlocking of these species' biology are of great relevance to this collection. In addition, the use of cutting-edge genetic engineering techniques such as genome/gene editing and protein-domain specific technology (such as K-Domain technology).

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oilseed crop. It is grown for vegetable and industrial oils in the world. Sunflower oil is considered to be of supreme quality. The Production, productivity and area coverage of sunflower in Ethiopia is low and below the world average due to different reasons. Sunflower can contribute a big share in improving local edible oil production due to its short interval for maturity, high oil contents, better fitting in the cropping pattern, tolerance to drought and its high yield potential. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify genetic variability of fourteen qualitative traits using Shannon-waver diversity index. A total of 220 genotypes including checks varieties were evaluated in 2020/21 main cropping season at Holeta, Ethiopia. Alpha lattice design was used with two replications and eleven blocks were nested within a replication. Based on fourteen qualitative traits significant variability or dissimilarity was observed among Sunflower genotypes. Analysis of Shannon-waver diversity index shows that H' values ranges from ~0.075 for leaf arrangement to ~0.99 for bract shape at the back of sunflower head. This shows that there is considerable diversity among the studied genotypes for the qualitative traits which can have good indications and amplification during selections of genotypes in sunflower improvement either ornamental type, confectionery or oil type sunflower.