Plants' reliance on molecular epigenetic control reflects their developmental, lifestyles, and the evolutionary histories. Plants grows by continually developing new parts from the self-sufficing stem cells population, termed as meristem, as opposed to mammals, whose tissues and organs formation is primarily determined during the embryo development. The interest in different medically active products has been developed to improve their pharmacokinetic and biological properties for utilizing glycosyl-conjugation. The conjugation of various drugs with various mono, di, or polysaccharides has boosted the therapeutic potentials of these drugs that is also manifested by a significant number of research papers. The current review article encapsulates extremely important and the up-to-date example of this conjugation, specially associated to enhancing antitumor activities of original glycoconjugates. The given examples along projected mechanisms of activities enhancement may guide to design, synthesize and evaluate new glycosyl conjugates for improved therapeutics.

Background: This study aimed to apply a high-power pulsed alexandrite laser in vitro, the researchers tested different exposure periods, pulse lengths, and laser fluencies to see which dosage was most successful against S. aureus bacteria, which had developed resistance to many antibiotics. Method: Three bacteria samples were exposed to laser beams for 30 seconds with a 5ms pulse duration and a laser fluency of 5J/cm2. The process was repeated with laser fluencies of 10, 15, and 20. Results: The study was carried out by using different doses of Alexandrite laser. Results: There are significant differences (p = 0.05) in the mean number of bacteria colonies exposed for 30 and 60 seconds at any laser fluencies utilized in the present investigation. Except for the 15 J.cm-2 laser fluency; there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between 60 sec and 90-sec exposure durations. Conclusion: In conclusion, the exposure periods, pulse durations, and laser fluencies of pulsed alexandrite laser were found to have an influence on the mean colony count of S aureus bacteria and to establish the effective dose.

This work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of halophytic plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) against, some plant and human pathogens. Plant parts of S. portulacastrum were collected from the mangrove habitats of Coringa Reserve Forest near Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India. Plant parts are dried and extracts were obtained successfully with hexane, chloroform, methanol and water, using Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Agar well diffusion method has been used to determine the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against some gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Lactobacillus acidophilus), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloace and Klebsiella pneumonia) and fungal species (Candida albicans, Mucar recemosus, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The hexane, chloroform extracts showed minimum antimicrobial activity when compared to methanolic and water extracts. Water extract of S. portulacastrum showed appreciable antimicrobial activity against all bacterial and fungal strains. It reveals that this halophytic species has antimicrobial compounds which can act against microorganisms and they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

genomics are producing ever-larger reservoirs of rich biodata. The plant needs a significant alteration in metabolism to endure unfavorable environmental stress circumstances, such as drought and environmental stresses. This alteration comprises considerable transcriptome reprogramming upon the onset of the stress and transcription and gene expression regulation. Crops including cotton, maize, and potatoes have benefited from the introduction of many genes obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis. The genes increase the plants' resistance to insect assaults, which lowers or even eliminates the need for certain pesticide treatments. An increasing amount of research suggests that plants' nutritional status in minerals has a major impact on their ability to adapt to harsh environmental conditions. Being complex creatures, plants may face a variety of biotic and abiotic challenges in their natural habitat. A number of biotic and abiotic pressures coincide as a result of global warming, which lowers agricultural production. Different biometrical analyses, including path coefficient, discriminant function, generation means, line x tester, triple test cross, stability parameters, D2 statistics, metroglypth, diallel, partial diallel, triallel, quadriallel, etc., are performed in plant breeding and genetics. Two kinds of food plants, such as Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana, have had their whole genomes sequenced. The production of ABA involves the enzymes zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP), 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), and ABA-aldehyde oxidase (AAO). Drought tolerance is increased in plants that overexpress these genes.

Lemna solid waste dumpsites is found within cities of Calabar and due to poor and ineffective management, the dumpsites turn to sources of serious concern to the people living in the vicinity of the site. Polluted air, leachate release from the site to the ground water, activities of scavengers in the site, bad odour, incubation and proliferation of flies, mosquitoes, and rodents; that, in turn, are disease transmitters with their effect on population’s health, has its organic defenses in a formative and creative state. This study therefore sought to evaluate the health implication of Lemna dumpsite in Calabar on the residents living around the site. Data were collected from 309 household heads, through the use of self- administered questionnaires. Households’ heads were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data collected were subjected to analysis using principal component factor analysis. Result shows that cardiovascular diseases, birth defects, immune system defects, weakening of lungs functions, lung cancer, kidney problems, liver disease, skin cancer, stomach infections, liver failure, kidney failure and polio have the highest loading in factor one meaning that there are not prevalence in the study area although there are in existence as seen from the communalities loadings. Whereas, typhoid, cholera, dysentery, malaria and stomach ulcer were the prevalence sickness in the environment because they have the highest factor loadings in factor two. On the severity if such sickness in the study area, it was seen that households only visit hospital often due to the following health condition; birth defects, immune system defects, kidney problems, liver disease, skin cancer, stomach infections, cholera, malaria, dysentery, stomach, ulcer, and typhoid because the above mentioned sicknesses have the highest loadings in factor one (often visit hospital). Conversely, cardiovascular disease, weakening of lungs functions, lung cancer, liver failure, kidney failure and polio have highest factor loading in factor two, meaning that although there is occurrence of this sicknesses in the study area, households rarely visit hospital because of such health condition. Therefore, the study recommends recycling of solid waste, waste to energy incineration, anaerobic digestion, compositing/organic waste recycling, and advanced technologies as waste management control should be encourage in Calabar instead of the use of dumpsite.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify biomarkers in women diagnosed with Toxoplasmosis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between February 2022 and March 2023, and it focused on detecting Toxoplasma gondii in 100 female patients with a history of repeated abortion, aged between 18 and 43 years. The patients receiving treatment were present at two educational hospitals located in Baghdad. The diagnosis was established through the utilization of Immunochromatography and ELISA techniques. Blood samples were gathered from every individual, along with 30 healthy controls matched for age. The study measured the concentrations of Interleukin-10, Lactic acid Dehydrogenase, Total protein, Albumin, and Globulin in the patients' and controls' sera. Results: The findings revealed that 45 cases exhibited the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG, while 76 cases displayed the presence of anti- Toxoplasma IgM, out of the 100 women with a history of abortion and Toxoplasma infection. This was determined using immunochromatography methods, on the other hand, utilizing the ELISA methods, anti-Toxoplasma IgG was detected in 40 cases, and anti-Toxoplasma IgM was detected in 42 cases. Conclusions: The findings revealed elevated levels of IL- 10, Lactic acid Dehydrogenase, Total protein, and Globulin in the patients' sera, along with decreased levels of Albumin compared to the healthy controls.