Indian culture has versatile cultural beliefs, most of them symbolize by their fascinating cultural monuments those tells us so many backgrounds history of before time. Each temple is unique in their pattern of architect. So it is very importance to take attention on to preserve them from deterioration not only for present but also long term preservation of future aspects. Many of reasons are behind it but effect of climate is one of the main causes because it plays a crucial role in the fulfillment of the basic needs for the growth of micro and macro organisms for their survival on the monumental surface. The macro organisms lead the growth of plants species on the monumental surface enhance the rate of deterioration and damage. This paper is mainly concerned on the diversity of the macroflora present at Khajuraho group of monuments.

Rungia repens is a common Acanthaceae member growing mostly in agricultural wastelands. This plant is noted to have febrifuge, antitussive, and vermifuge properties. The qualitative phytochemical study of the leaves and stem of R. repens showed that the plant is rich in phytochemical composition. The chemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, and steroids in the methanolic extract of this plant. The DPPH and FRAP assay showed that the plant parts have significant antioxidant potential. The disc diffusion of the methanolic extract of this plant reveals its antimicrobial activity. Thus, it is stated that the plant has significant antioxidant and antimicrobial potential.

The continuing spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most urgent and difficult challenges facing global TB control. Patients who are infected with strains resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, called multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, are practically incurable by standard first-line treatment. In 2012, there were approximately 450,000 new cases and 170,000 deaths because of MDR-TB. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB refers to MDR-TB strains that are resistant to fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs. The main causes of the spread of resistant TB are weak medical systems, amplification of resistance patterns through incorrect treatment, and transmission in communities and facilities. Although patients harboring MDR and XDR strains present a formidable challenge for treatment, cure is often possible with early identification of resistance and use of a properly designed regimen.

The objective of this research was to assess the predictive potential of Semaphorin 5A in comparison to Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide antibodies for forecasting disease progression and treatment responses among Iraqi patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Conducted as a case-control study, the investigation encompassed a total of 150 participants, comprising 100 RA patients and 50 healthy individuals. The study took place at Baghdad Teaching Hospital over the period from November 2021 to February 2022. Enrolled participants were selected based on the 2010 criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology. The levels of biomarkers were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The findings demonstrated a noteworthy elevation in the levels of both ACCP and Semaphorin 5A among RA patients compared to the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, these levels were found to be higher in individuals with active disease as opposed to those with inactive disease. In both active and inactive disease states, the levels of both ACCP and Semaphorin 5A remained considerably higher compared to the levels observed in the healthy control group (p<0.001). In patients who had not undergone treatment, the levels of both ACCP and Semaphorin 5A exhibited considerably greater significance compared to those who received Methotrexate or etanercept (p<0.001). A noteworthy and positive correlation was observed between ACCP and Semaphorin 5A, with a correlation coefficient of 0.476 (p<0.001). The sensitivity for ACCP and Semaphorin 5A was determined to be 72% and 83% respectively, while the specificity values were 98% and 76%. The study's conclusion highlighted the promising prognostic potential of both ACCP and Semaphorin 5A, establishing them as potential biomarkers for distinguishing between Rheumatoid Arthritis patients and healthy individuals. Predict disease activity and response to methotrexate or etanercept. Active disease patients and without treatments patients ACCP and Semaphorin5A levels were higher than inactive and received treatments (methotrexate or etanercept).

Background: Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacterial infections. If they are used probably, they can save lives. Still there is a growing problem of antibiotic resistance. It happens when bacteria undergo some mutation and become able to resist the effect of an antibiotic. Objectives: This cross sectional study was to determine the prevalence of antibiotics resistance among group of patients and to know the causes that lead to antibiotic resistance crisis to compare the results with previous studies concerning this subject in order to identify the risks of antibiotic resistance to offer some solutions (if any) that can minimize this problem at Iraqi hospitals. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted from May to October 2019. The sample was 128 patients (their specimens were cultured and antibiotic sensitivity was tested) especially toward a group of antibiotic. Results: At the end of this study the result showed that a higher group of resistance especially to penicillin group and a lower rate to azithromycin, another finding was the bacteria which infect (admitted in patients) were resistant to multiple drugs than those which infect (out patients). Conclusion: A high resistance to penicillin group, Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most resistant microorganism as culture results showed.