Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most ancient disease of mankind and is one the ten major cause of mortality worldwide particularly in developing countries. It is an infectious disease caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It usually affect the lungs but can also affect other organs of body. Inspite of various measures taken to eliminate the TB by Govt .of India by 2025. The trend of TB cases and drug resistant cases in India is very disturbing .The article is compiled with the objective to study the present status and challenges in India with special reference to Jammu and Kashmir.

Conservation agriculture practices (CA) is a management for available organic matter resources and considered important measures to enable farming in accordance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. The two-years experiment were performed on the soil under wheat crop. CA practices can help to decrease the area and duration for exposed soil to water erosion by increased soil aggregate size distribution, soil porosity, soil moisture and soil organic matter. Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important indicator of soil fertility and productivity because of its crucial role in soil chemical, physical and biological properties. CA leaves a soil organic mulch at the soil surface, which decreases runoff and soil loss. On other hand, soil mulch with plant residue as a component of CA is increased soil content of SOM. The least total cost for cultivation wheat crops under rainfed agriculture of Egypt achieved at conservation agriculture with No-tillage treatment (CANT) while the highest cost achieved at traditional agriculture (TA) treatment. The best results of decreased soil loss, increased SOM and wheat crop yield obtained when continue to apply conservation practices for more than one season. Indeed, our results showed the soil loss decreased about (56%) while wheat grain yield and SOM increased about (7% and 45%) respectively when using CA at the second season compared to TA. Conservation agriculture signifies environmentally friendly technologies reduce of climate related risks.

Background: Every year, more than half a million people in the world suffer from acute cerebrovascular events, including ischemic stroke, intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage, giving a mortality of nearly 20%. Acute strokes, especially subarachnoid hemorrhage is frequently accompanied by a variety of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities. Objective: To find out the cardiac function assessment by echocardiography in ischemic stroke/non hemorrhagic cerebral infarction. Material and Methods: An observational study was conducted in Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Sher-E-Bangla Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh from July to December-2019. 51 patients of ischemic stroke were taken and 2D transthoracic echocardiography was done to find potential cardioembolic abnormalities. Results: 74.5% of patients had echocardiographic abnormalities and 41.1% had potential cardioembolic abnormalities, out of which most common were ventricular wall hypokinesia, calcific aortic valve, rheumatic heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. The prevalence was almost similar in different age groups and both the sexes. Conclusion: Prevalence of potential cardioembolic abnormalities is high (41.1%) in ischemic stroke patients and 2D echocardiography is therefore recommended in the management and secondary prevention of cardioembolicstroke, which has a higher mortality and more chances of recurrence than atherothrombotic type of ischemicstroke.

Developing wound infection in type Ⅰ or Ⅱ diabetic people had risk complications like gangrene. Although there are enough antibiotic ointments or creams, still it needs physician dressing and continuous monitoring of wound. So, to make it simple and more effective, a combination of transdermal drug delivery route with herbal usage contribute in controlled release of medication with minimum undesirable side effects. And also help to treat wound infections by self-medication. This work is focused, to formulate wound healing transdermal patch for diabetics with Momordica cymbalaria tuber extract. A sequence of techniques was performed to analyse antioxidant content then Starch assay was performed In vitro to evaluate its healing efficacy, determine cytotoxicity using zebra fish embryos and artemia salina using hexane extract of tuber. Optimized combination is used to prepare Patch by solvent evaporation method then evaluated the patch by organoleptic and physico-chemical properties. The result proofs, the tuber extract had Strong Antioxidant activity whereas weak cytotoxicity showed in two concentration (25 and 50µg/ml) towards brine shrimp lethality assay and fish embryo toxicity. High migration rate found in 25µg/ml and 50µg/ml in scratch assay using Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Evaluated the patch for its organoleptic and physico-chemical properties, it shows good result. As a final observation of the study, bio compounds present in tuber extract proved to enhance wound healing and could pave way as alternate to the synthetic wound healing patches owing to its ecofriendly, economical and herbal nature be natural replacement to hasten wound healing especially in diabetic patients.