Solanum nigrum is one of the commonly found herb around the globe and contains diverse therapeutic along with biological control based potentials. For last few decades, not only aqueous but also other organic solvents based extract have been prepared to obtain maximum benefits of its components to recover external and internal wounds, inflammations, infections, cancer and to control many disorders like cytotoxicity, cardiovascular, hepatic, gastric and enzymatic complications. Moreover, it has been found as effective to reducer aging and an ideal local cost source of phytoremediation. For future progress, its dose and shots optimization should be focused by researchers.

Aflatoxins are released from Aspergillus species and enter in living organisms from various routes and results in toxicity. Humans are exposed to aflatoxins poisoning due to consumptions of infected crops, meat, poultry and dairy produce. The physiological effects due to aflatoxins may be mild to fatal, according to their exposed concentration to humans and bioabsorption duration. These side effects are usually categorized as acute toxicity, genotoxicity and immunotoxicity. So further, efficient genomic and proteomic strategies s are required to develop resistant livestock breeds and dietary significance having cultivars along with general public awareness campaigns related to aflatoxins contamination free edible items selection.

Cropping pattern reflects the growing of genetically modified crops and ordinary crops in the different conditions of temperature and pH also affected the cultivation. It also advances the soil agro ecological measurement and climatic conditions. Monocropping patterns increase the mass crop production due to higher yields by controlling the attack of different pests and improving the soil microbe diversity. Crop rotation depends on different factors such as rotating series and applied frequency of certain crops that improved the functional properties of microorganisms growth. This approach can be helpful for targeting the soil-borne pathogens to maximize soil benefits. Proper irrigation system also another agricultural approach for enriching the ecosystem. It enables the original crop to strike again after harvesting and to raise another crop. Plants grown in in the hydroponic system shows high growth as compared to the conventionally field-grown plants also increase the chances of sustainable agricultural development through green technology where large number of plants can be grown in the nutrient medium. Cropping patterns to make farming more efficient that can be helpful to irrigate crops and more disease resistant varieties.

This study investigates the anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic and anti-oxidant activities of the n-hexane extract and fractions of Ficus sur Forssk leaves. The extract was separated on column chromatography using a gradient elution of hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol. Pooled column fractions were assayed for membrane stabilizing for anti-inflammatory, Streptokinase inhibition for fibrinolytic and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reduction for anti-oxidant activity. Column fractions were pooled into five fractions (F1 – F5). The n-hexane crude extract and the fraction F3 consistently exhibited anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic ability. The leaf extract of F. sur showed negligible anti-oxidant activity. Except for F1 all the fractions and the crude extract showed very high dose-dependent anti-inflammatory property even significantly higher (p <0.05) than the reference drug – diclofenac. Crude extract, F2 and F3 exhibited fibrinolytic ability. F1 showed the lowest assayed biological activity consistently. The study shows that the column fractions of n-hexane extract of F. sur leaves have fibrinolytic and anti-inflammatory activity and can be used in the management of thrombosis and inflammation.

Different heavy salts accumulated in the soil causing the soil salinity and damage the biological processing occurring in plants such as photosynthesis and light reactions. Climate changes also promote the accumulation of heavy metals by promoting the chemicals substances in the leaves and roots cells that causing the chlorosis. Coal combustion release the large amount of mercury metals that acting as toxic for the plants. There is need to design the biological and mechanical processing the removal of salts and toxic wastes from surfaces in such a way that no eruptions of plant materials occur at the surfaces. Nanotechnology employed the nanoparticles to capture the toxic metals through biological and chemical process that is more reliable and less expensive. A large variety of nanoparticles in the form of nanobased graphene oxides, graphite oxides and CNT, mesoporous silica materials have been used for controlling the pollution caused by heavy metals. These nanoparticles are compatible for the plant growth by suppressing the crop diseases by acting directly on phytopathogens. Therefore, it is reliable for controlling the risk of environmental pollution caused by heavy metals.

Seed germination is the critical stage in plant's life cycle, assisting sapling development, survivorship, and population trends. Plants, as sessile life forms, are easily exposed to abiotic stresses like heat, salinity, cold, soil alkalinization, drought. The interaction of nano-materials with the plant, soil, and the holobiont systems is critical for understanding their behaviors within every complicated ecosystem. The use of nanoparticles has a beneficial impact on germinating seeds and also plant growth and development. Titanium based nanoparticles triggers the development of carbohydrates, which promotes rates of photosynthesis and plant growth. It is hoped that nanotech will provide long-term remedies by replacing conventional bulk fertilizers with nano-particulate counter parts that have excellent characteristics for overcoming current problems such as mineral bio-availability and absorption. Nano-priming could be practiced to seeds to preserve them during storage, enhance germination rate, germination synchronization, and plant growth, and also enhance resistance of crop to biotic and abiotic stressful conditions.

Medicinal plants have been used with practical implementation of certain herbal great source of plant based flavonoids, antioxidants compounds. Medicinal plants were traditionally used for health care and serve as the bases for the emergence of modern medicine. They have possess the high quality of the extracts to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy for their pharmacological action. Large variety of medicinal plants have been used as aromatic purposes and hence valuate for aroma and pharmacological sectors. Medicinal plants snowed stronger binding to the proteins secreted by the parasitic worms thus inhibiting them to proliferate in the cellular tissues thus acting as main source of immunity booster to the living tissues against the dyspepsia, gastritis, hyperacidity, menorrhagia, diabetes. Saraca asoca also used as source of medicinal pant due to its to antibacterial activity because of its potential against the of multiple bacterial strains. Some of the medicinal plants acting as dual nature such as targeting the microbial proteins and peptides playing important role in the development of natural therapies. Nanoparticles based therapies can be utilized for treatment of infectious diseases.

Researchers in recent years are working on different approaches to the problem of bacteria resistant to antibiotics through drug modification. The synthesis of metal drug complexes are becoming more popular than their parent drugs because they possess modified pharmacological, toxicological and physiochemical properties. In this study, amoxicillin complexes of copper and zinc (II) ions were synthesized using standard method. The complexes were characterized for aqueous solubility, UV-visible spectral, acid stability, and thermal stability and in-vitro antimicrobial activities. The results of the physiochemical properties showed evidence of complex formation between the metals and the ligand. The acid and thermal stability of amoxicillin complexes showed high acid and thermal stability than its parent form. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of amoxicillin and its complexes form were studied against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results revealed that Amoxicillin complexes of copper (II) ions showed effective antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus than its pure form while Amoxicillin Zn2+ showed lower antibacterial activity when compared to its parent drug. This study suggests that transition metal complexes of amoxicillin modify the properties of the parent drug.

Open spina bifida (myelomeningocele) is a specific kind of neural tube defect (NTD) resulting from a trouble of closure of the caudal region of the neural tube early in embryogenesis. The diagnosis and management of open spina bifida has changed significantly over the past century. Significant advances in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of open spina bifida have been made over the last years. The most significant strategy for the prevention of open spina bifida has been with folic acid supplementation. Although progress in the field of myelomeningocele diagnosis and treatment has revolutionised the medical treatment of open spina bifida, the postnatal treatment of myelomeningocele evolved significantly and is now complicated by issues surrounding prenatal diagnosis, including availability, economic feasibility, and selection for invasive fetal surgery and management of pregnancy.