This study is an evaluation of the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction among employees of five selected manufacturing firms in south east, Nigeria. The population for the study was five thousand, and eleven employees (5,011). The study sample size was eight hundred and ninety-five (895) respondents. Questionnaire which was validated by experts was the instrument used for data collection. Some of the major findings is that there is a positive relationship between promotion and employee commitment in the five selected manufacturing firms in South-East, Nigeria (r =.875; p = .000>0.05, n=895); there is a positive relationship between regular payment of salary and employees Productivity in the five selected manufacturing firms in South-East, Nigeria (r =.745; p = .000>0.05, n=895). The study concluded that there is a positive relationship between promotion and employee commitment, regular payment of salary and employee productivity in selected bakeries in South-East, Nigeria. Given the nature of the industry work environment, ensuring justice or fairness in bakery industries may be an incentive system. Consequent upon the findings, some recommendations were made; Job promotion is an important element that influences employee commitment. It is recommended that manufacturing organizations should emphasize more on job promotion to enhance higher employee commitment that will engender high productivity. It is also recommended that the salary and remuneration packages of the industry should be competitive with other sectors which makes them recruit and source qualified and skilled employees.

Forest conservation is the practice of planting and maintaining forested areas for the benefit and sustainability of future generations. Forest conservation involves the upkeep of the natural resources within a forest that are beneficial to both humans and the environment. This paper attempts an insightful look at the contributions of forest conservation in Ngongbaa on agricultural land use change and how it affects crop production and subsequently the population. This approach considers forest as an important asset to the entire rural community and forest conservation as an obstacle to their development. The methodology used consisted of data collection through interviews, questionnaire administration, participant observation and on-the-spot appraisal. The findings revealed that forest conservation is hindering crop production which directly affects the provision of basic needs like food, clothing and home heating. There is the need for creating an enabling environment which will assist indigenes without making them become miserable such as; encouraging indigenes to carryout apicultural activities in and out of the forest, promote and encourage farmers to carry out agroforestry activities, as well as encouraging indigenes through financial aid to carry out small and medium size trade. This will help to boost their income and diversify their rural activities.

This article analyzes the phenomenon of gender-based political violence in Mexico, which has impacted and affected the political participation of women in the country, which began in the 19th century, and which represents not only an existing problem, but rooted and recurring. Women in Mexican politics have been historically invisible and have been limited in the exercise of their political-electoral rights due to various social, cultural, partisan, structural, institutional circumstances, among others, that have favored the existence of a considerable and very marked gap with respect to men in this area. Hence the importance of the issue being addressed and eradicated, since it is a practice that restricts women and complicates their full development. In this work, political violence is conceptualized, and among other points, it is analyzed how it is presented, how it can be detected, what are the behaviors that it implies, some cases that show it, what are the rights of the victims and what institutions, instances , organizations, pacts, protocols, conventions and laws, both national and international, provide attention, channeling and solution to various aspects related to political violence against women on the basis of gender and some of the actions that have been taken, aimed at attend to it, sanction it, and prevent it. A cross-sectional documentary investigation was carried out to analyze the historical development of political violence up to the conditions in which it is currently manifested in Mexico.

The spirit of Islamic institution in instilling a nationalist insight at the time of independence is always carried out to instill the country’s defense. Developing a national insight toward Santri can be done in a variety of ways and activities. The purpose of this research is to find out the implementation of training and scouting education, the development of nationalism insight, supporting factors, obstacles or obstacles that arise, and the solutions made in Gontor Modern Islamic boarding school environment. The research method used in this research was qualitative method to answer the research problem accordance with the phenomena that occurred in the Developing the Nationality Insights through Education and Scouting Training at Gontor Modern Islamic boarding school Environment. The data collection techniques were done by doing observations, conducting interviews, and analyzing some relevant documentations. The techniques to check the validity of data was based on holding certain criteria. The data validity criteria were based on four things, namely the degree of trust or credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The criteria for data collection were examined using detailed description techniques, the criteria for dependency and certainty were carried out by auditing. The technique of checking the validity data was carried out by the evidences.

Capital Punishment for illegal narcotics traffickers is indeed needed to reduce the crime in the community, even though the polemic in the enforcement of this punishment still arises because it is closely related to human rights enforcement. This research intends to examine weaknesses in the imposition of Capital Punishment based the view of Pancasila philosophy as well as the ideal construction of the Capital Punishment regulation in narcotics and psychotropic offenses based on Pancasila values. The type of writing used in this research is normative legal research method. The method of normative legal research is legal research that places law as a norm system building. The results show that capital punishment can be accounted for in the Pancasila state which is manifested as individual protection as well as protecting society for the creation of justice and legal truth based on the almighty God. The Capital Punishment, from the perspective of Pancasila, is seen as one unity. Pancasila must be the basis for seeing the Capital Punishment as In its implementation, the Capital Punishment for narcotics and psychotropic offenses still has weaknesses therefore it need an ideal construction of the regulation of the Capital Punishment in narcotics and psychotropic offenses based on the values of Pancasila is carried out with due regard to the main crime. With this reconstruction, The Capital Punishment will be a special punishment that can be applied carefully, selectively and specifically in dangerous cases as it must be determined unanimously by the panel of judges first.

A company increases profits every year in order to keep reaching a larger target. It can be reached if each employee is having an Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The aims of this study are to measure and analyze the influence of job satisfaction, Perceived Organizational Support (POS), and organizational climate through OCB of the employee on employees in an outsourcing company Jakarta. The population of this study was all employees in the outsourcing company, which were 72 respondents. The sampling technique used in this study was saturated sampling with all employees for the object. This study used a linear regression method to analyze data. The finding of this study was job satisfaction, POS, and organizational climate variables have significant correlations to OCB. This study also showed the most variable that influencing OCB was job satisfaction.

The present research endeavor was aimed at studying the perceived life satisfaction and social support of aged men and women during COVID – 19 outbreaks with special reference to New Delhi, India. For the present piece of research work total sample one hundred sixty (N=160) comprising aged women (n=80) and aged men (n=80) randomly selected from different locality of New Delhi. Subjects’ age were ranged between 60–75 years. Data collected door to door by maintaining social distance through questionnaires schedules individually from aged women and men during COVID–19 outbreaks. During the data collection respondents were taken in to confidence and assured them that responses provided by them on the items of questionnaire schedules will be kept strictly confidential. Having tabulated and analyzed the data, results revealed the fact that there is high significant difference between the group of aged men and women towards their degree of perceived life satisfaction which has been statistically found significant at .01 level of confidence, although, aged women were found more prone to higher degree of life satisfaction than men during the novel COVID–19 outbreaks. Moreover, aged women have shown higher degree of social support than aged men, hence, significant difference have also been found between the group of aged men and women at .01 level of confidence towards their life satisfaction. The discrepancies of results obtained have been discussed in detail by giving probable reasons.

The present inquiry was aimed at studying the job stress and its stressors during COVID – 19 pandemic among teaching and non-teaching employees working in constituent colleges of L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga, India. For the present study total sample consisted of one hundred fifty employees (N=150) comprising teaching (n=75) and non-teaching (n=75) which were selected by contacting online on mobile, whats App, facebook and Google mail during COVID – 19 pandemic. Data collected through questionnaire schedules using Occupational Stress Index (OSI) developed by Singh and Srivastava (1981). Having collected the data on each item of the index, data were tabulated according to procedures and norms of the OSI for giving statistical treatment. Results revealed the fact that significant difference have been found in terms of total occupational stress between the group of teaching and non-teaching employees during pandemic, whereas, seven dimensions / stressors of occupational stress out of twelve, namely, Role overload, Role ambiguity, Role conflict, Unreasonable group and political pressure, Responsibility for persons, Under participation and Strenuous working conditions have also been emerged as the predictors of occupational stress between the group of teaching and non-teaching employees during COVID – 19 pandemic. It is interestingly to note that non-teaching employees were found more prone to job stress during COVID – 19 pandemic than the teaching employees while working in constituent colleges of LNMU. The discrepancy of results obtained has been discussed in detail by highlighting the probable reasons.

Industrial actions are all forms of work dissatisfaction that can manifest in several ways like absenteeism, strike, high labour turnover among others. This has posed a lot of threats to all sectors of the economy and affected Nigeria society socially, economically and politically. Two theoretical postulations were used to investigate the perceived causes and effects of industrial actions in South West Nigeria. Survey research which involved 400 respondents from four randomly selected local governments was employed in the study. Data, which were sourced from both primary and secondary sources, were analysed using quantitative and qualitative methods. From the findings, the respondents revealed that hike petroleum price (85.3%), poor working conditions (66.3%), labour union interest (72.6%), members’ welfare (64.2%) and failure of management to keep to agreement (73.7%) were some of the factors responsible for industrial actions in Nigeria. Also, the respondents confirmed that undeveloped economy (70.6%), political stability (53.7%), development of entrepreneurial skills (66.3%), improved government administrative efficiency (70.5%), brain drain (80%), and increased poverty (60%) were the perceived outcomes of industrial actions on Nigeria political economy. On the efficacy of strike actions, respondents affirmed that labour union objectives are usually attained during strike (64.2%), and there were increases on wage labour (65.3%). Based on the findings, strike favours the workers, and negatively affects the nation and government in the long run. Thus, it was recommended that, there is need for stable labour-management relations between the government, industries and employees that will enhance a good bargaining environment. Also, there is need to improve on minimum wage policy of the government for the employees so as to improve the welfare of the employees and reduce the incidences of strike actions.