Background: Both theoretical and empirical evidences on chronic illness suggest negative consequences of caregiving on the psychological wellbeing and Quality of Life (QOL) of the caregivers. However, the fact remain that there is a paucity of empirical researches on the quality of life of caregivers of people with chronic mental illness. Purpose: The purpose of the present research is to assess the Emotional Quality of Life among caregivers of person with chronic mental illness across gender. Setting: Psychiatric Hospitals and clinics Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Participants: The sample comprised of 100 primary caregivers of person (50 were male caregivers and 50 were Female caregivers) with diagnosed chronic mental illness of Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorder, Personality disorder, Depression and Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). Those willing to participate in the study were interviewed to assess their Emotional quality of life. Results: The female caregivers painfully construe caregiving as sadness and also attribute caregiving to be the source of their sadness in life. Somewhere there is a fatalist attitude adding greater pain in their life and they cope with pain and sadness largely by crying. On the other hand, male caregivers have reported painful and conflictual relationship with the patient as the perceived meaning of sadness and pain both. However, they cope up with the same by moving away and sharing with people. Globally the self-image of the caregivers is negative more specifically after the caregiving. The narratives of the caregiver are subsumed in a model. Conclusions: The findings of the study serve as the roadmap for furthering researches into emotional wellbeing of the caregivers of the person with chronic mental illness. Largely the attention is more towards creating intervention for the patients suffering from mental illness. Such studies would serve as the base for creating and improved emotional Quality of life for the caregivers.

Jane Eyre and Vanity Fair are two classic books in which the female images of Jane and Rebecca have attracted many readers. There are some similarities and differences in the female images as written in these stories. This paper will analyze the two female images in the two books. The goal of this article is to analyze the impact that environment and society have exercised on characters, and further advocate correct values toward friendship, marriage and family.

Research in Kiambu County shows a variety of farmers’ information needs. Among subsistence farmers who produce a mix of food and cash crops, land size is 2-2.9 acres. Large-scale farmers grow more cash crops. Most farmers keep dairy cattle for milk and manure. This paper focuses information needs on credit, the key emerging issues. Using a descriptive research design we gathered qualitative and quantitative data on how farmers accessed credit information they needed; sources; and usage. We took a random sample of 150 farmers, 18 to 55 years, selected from 897 farmers, covering 28 cooperatives. A descriptive research design was applied. Stratified Random Sampling technique was used, with face-to-face interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. Face-to-face interviews and semi-structured questionnaires were used. Specifically, we itemized a) farmers’ information needs and search on the sub-clusters–loans availability from providers, interest rates charged, availability of low interest rates, supplementary services offered by credit providers, and availability of government funds; b) information sources from the cluster: Cooperatives, Banks, Government Offices, Churches, NGOs, No information access, Salesmen, and Other people; and c) usage of the information and challenges thereof. The study reveals access to information on loan availability by providers, interest rates charged, and lowest interest rates were the most sought-after sets (in that order). Government funds information is the least sought. Top providers are Cooperatives, Banks and Government, in that order. On usage, loans from the cooperatives and banks finance projects such as construction of boreholes, increasing dairy animals or planting additional crops. Credit from cooperatives is flexible. It may feature loans in kind, e.g., animal feeds.

Adolescence can be a time of both disorientation and discovery. The transitional period can raise questions of independence and identity; as adolescents cultivate their sense of self, they may face difficult choices about academics, friendship, sexuality, gender identity, drugs, and alcohol. Many contemporary personality psychologists believe that there are five basic dimensions of personality such as extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and neuroticism. The main objectives of the present study are to find out the differences in Big Five Personality Traits (extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness and neuroticism.) among Kashmiri and North East Adolescents. The five null hypotheses were formulated to test the sample. A sample of 60 adolescents was taken of the students of two cultures as Kashmiri and North East from Mewar University, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan). The Purposive Sampling Technique has been used as per the nature of subjects included in research. The Big Five Personality Inventory designed by Dr. Arun Kumar Singh and Dr. Ashok Kumar from Patna University (Bihar) which is published by National Psychological Corporation, Agra was used to collect the data on five dimensions. The mean, standard deviation and “t” test were used to analyse the collected data. In conclusion, it can be said that there is significant difference between North East Adolescents and Kashmiri Adolescents in relation to Big Five Personality Traits. The results of the present study indicate that there is no significant difference between North East Adolescents and Kashmiri Adolescents in relation to the dimension of Extraversion. There is significant difference among North East Adolescents and Kashmiri Adolescents in relation to Openness, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Neuroticism.