This study aims to analyze (1) the implementation of clinical supervision in developing competence of citizenship education teachers in a democratic perspective in junior high schools of Bulagi district, Banggai Islands Regency, Province of Central Sulawesi; (2) the contributing factors to the competence of citizenship education teachers by clinical supervision program for the school principals; and (3) the efforts undertaken in developing the teachers’ competence. This study employs qualitative approach through case study. The data are generated from observation, interview, and documentation. The research comprises interactive data analysis to examine the data. The results show that (1) from the three phases of clinical supervision (the pre-observation meeting, observation of teaching process, and the evaluation), the effort of developing citizenship education teachers’ competence was not optimally implemented; (2) there are three factors (teachers’ educational background, teaching experience, and work ethic) which contributed to the non-optimal implementation of competence development of the teachers; (3) the school principals undertook stakeholder training, intensive lesson study, and classroom action research to improve the application of clinical supervision in developing competence of citizenship education teachers. It is for the teachers to achieve better competence.

This research aims to analyse the efforts of the character building of school culture based in Senior High School of Panca Budi Medan as well as supporting factors and the termination. This research uses qualitative method with the research site, namely Senior High School of Panca Budi Medan. As for the data analysis techniques using interactive analysis Model Milles & Huberman is through data reduction, data display and data verification/withdrawal conclusion. Determination of the subject using snowball sampling technique. Data collection techniques using non-participatory observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. From the results of the study obtained a number of schools culture that became the frame and base of character formation of students in Senior High School of Panca Budi Medan, namely; 1) Religious culture, 2) honest culture, 3) clean culture and energy saving, 4) Culture of discipline. The supporting factor for student character formation in Senior High School of Panca Budi is 1) family factors that emphasize the role of parents in strengthening the habituation of good behavior to the child of what results have been received in school; 2) The teacher's factors emphasize the teacher's involvement in shaping the student's character through education, mentoring, and the example; 3) environmental factors that include the school environment and community. In supporting the character building of the students, the school constantly engineered a conducive environment so that what the students see, hear, and feel are supportive of character building. The Community's environmental support is seen from conduciveness the daily behaviour of local residents in line with the values of characters obtained by students from the school; 4) Learners ' factors that appear to be high in enthusiasm and curiosity in understanding the importance of character value inherent in every activity that cultures in school..........................

Ethics is an inherent feature of a well cultured and civilised society. It develops the mind to distinguish between good or bad behaviour, character and practices running around our society, country or the world at large. Religious ethics is vital for the proper functioning of the economic, political and social network and, therefore, for the wellbeing and development of the potential of every Nigerian citizen. This goes to mean that, the extent to which Nigeria nurtures religious principles such as integrity, self-discipline, tolerance, patience in its citizens beginning from the smallest unit of the society – the home – will determine the extent of its socio-political and economic growth. The socio-economic and political backwardness of Nigeria today is an indication for a lack of instilled ethics and moral standards in the citizens. This paper examined religious ethical values as a sine qua non for a developed Nigerian nation. The paper employed the use of comparative and analytical methods. Both primary and secondary sources of data were used. The findings are that, religious values are important for the growth of Nigeria. It is also established that the dissemination and adoption of shared ethical and moral values is essential in order to take advantage of the enormous opportunities that will lead to the growth and sustainability of the Nigerian nation.