Claim has always been made that thought and language are inseparatable phenomena. Accordingly, major debate has revolved around the dependence or interdependence of language and thought. Based on linguistic relativity hypothesis, our perception of reality depends on the language we speak. The counterclaim has also been made that languages are not so much different and this makes us skeptical of the idea that their speakers have different thoughts. Some hold the belief that language may not serve a proper medium for thought, mentioning extralinguistic drawbacks such as ambiguity, deixis, and co-reference. All in all, it seems rational to maintain that thought and language have compromised to coexist and attempts to prioritize one over the other are mythical if not too much simplistic.

The present study was aimed at studying the levels of mental health and subjective well- being among blue collar and white collar employees working in different textiles industries of Northern India. For the present study, total sample consisted of one hundred fifty employees (N=150) comprising blue collar (n=90) and white collar (n=60) employees were randomly drawn from Mau – a well-known district of Uttar Pradesh where Silk Sarees and different kinds of textile materials are manufactured and being marketed though out the nation. The age ranges of employees are recorded between 22 and 55. The various dimensions of mental health like positive self-evaluation, realistic perception, integration of personality, autonomy, group – oriented attitude and environmental mastery were measured using Mental Health Inventory. PGI Well Being Scale was used to assess the subjective – well- being. Findings of the study revealed that generally the levels of various dimensions of mental - health – well- being were better among blue collar employees of textiles industries than white collar employees especially from where the present sample has been drawn, although, both the group of employees of textile industries have shown positive inclination towards subjective well-being. Moreover, such type of results obtained has been discussed in detail by highlighting the appropriate probable reasons.

One of the problems related to national issues in Indonesia is the improvement of community welfare; this has encouraged the government to maximize the village community empowerment program. This study aims to analyze the determinant factors affecting the community empowerment implementation program in Wajo Regency. This research is a qualitative research that aims to analyze a phenomenon and activity in implementing the empowerment policy implementation in Wajo Regency. Data collection strategies that have been carried out are: observation, interviews, document studies, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The results showed that policy implementation was determined by the determinant factor, which consisted of the policy environment as a determinant factor, such as the power, interests and strategies of the actors involved the characteristics of the institutions and authorities of Compliance and responsiveness of the implementers.

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of the doctor competence influence, interpersonal communication, and job satisfaction on the effectiveness of internship programs at the General Hospital in Jambi Province. This research applied a quantitative research with survey method. The sampling technique used probability sampling with a sample of 90 interns. Hypothesis testing used path analysis with significance level ɑ = 0.05. The findings of this study indicated that there were influences both partially and simultaneously: 1). doctor's competence (X1) on the effectiveness of the internship program (X4). 2). interpersonal communication (X2) on the effectiveness of internal programs (X4). 3). job satisfaction (X3) on the effectiveness of internal programs (X4). 4). doctor competence (X1), interpersonal communication (X2), and job satisfaction (X3) on the effectiveness of internal programs (X4). The implication of this study was the competence of the measured intern’s doctor and the factors that influenced it. Factors affecting the performance of interns physicians were gender, intelligence level, graduation time, internship placement, duration of internship, perception of internal living benefits, internal bureaucratic system, internal briefing, internship acceptance, acceptance by the public and ranks in the vehicle, facilities, adaptation , workload, number and type of cases, leave entitlements, Faculty of Medicine curriculum, perception of medical knowledge, public health efforts, role of accompanying physicians, interest in becoming doctors at Puskesmas (Public Health Center), discipline, communication, and choice of actions.

The essence of teaching and learning materials to any learning institution cannot be overemphasised. This is more so when it comes to the learning of the young children. This research study focused on the effects of learning and teaching resources in lower primary school children. The education system in Kenya is evolving a bit slowly even as it is faced with inadequate teaching/learning resources in lower primary schools due to poor planning and corruption in the process of acquiring learning resources. A mixture of both purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used in the study. The instruments that were used in data collection include questionnaires, the interview schedule and the observation schedule. The findings were that most books in school libraries are outdated and need to be upgraded to fit with the changing world of technology especially with Social Studies. Teaching and using of black boards and toys play a very important role in the teaching and learning process.

This study is entitled the meaning of "small step gives a change" version of ADES corporate social responsibility advertisement in television media. The purpose of this study is to uncover the meaning contained in an advertisement. This research is expected to give scientific contributions for all parties that have an interest in communication practitioners. In addition, this research also hopefully gives contributions of thoughts relating to the application and advertisement creation that have the right meaning and message through the audio visual language of CSR advertisements in television media, so that the Advertising messages can touch the rational and emotional aspects of the audience. The method used in this research was a semiotic analysis method of Charles Sanders Pierce. The object of study in this study was the ADES mineral water advertisement of "Small Step Gives a Change" version in television media which has seventeen seconds time duration. Based on research that has been obtained on the results of research and discussion on the meaning of the messages contained in the ADES mineral water advertisement of "Small Step Gives a Change" version on television media, it can be concluded that through the finding of signs in Ades advertisement, it was implied a message about the environment care. Ades wanted to show that the mineral water had a high quality and gave solutions to the public in protecting the body. Broadly speaking, the advertisements' meaning show the commitment of Coca-Cola Amatil Indonesia towards sustainable packaging. The sustainable means that through the environmentally and friendly ADES packaging, it can have a positive impact on the environment sustainiblity.

The proliferation of slum residential areas in cities in Sub Saharan Africa adversely affects the inhabitants through overcrowding and congestion, sub-standard housing development, disease prevalence, inadequate socio-economic infrastructures such as potable water supply, hygiene and sanitation facilities, wastes disposal schemes and drainage channels, the prevalence of crime and violence and environmental hazards such as floods and landslides. In Cameroon, slums continue to appear in cities and towns because of poor urban governance which fails to ensure effective and comprehensive city management strategy in order to prevent new slum neighbourhoods from emerging in the urban landscape and make existing ones more livable and sustainable. This study makes an appraisal of slum upgrading in Cameroonian cities and proffers a twin-track planning solution that will ensure an effective and comprehensive city management for urban sustainability. To do this, on-the-spot appraisals, field surveys and participatory appraisals were undertaken with individual slum households, quarter heads, municipal authorities, CIGs and NGOs working with slum dwellers and government ministries in charge with urban development for a period of twelve months. Analysis was done using descriptive techniques. Findings showed that the Participatory Slum Upgrading Programmes (PSUP) launched in 2008 and implemented by UN-Habitat which aims to improve the living conditions of slum dwellers is the current slum upgrading approach used in Cameroon. But an appraisal of the problems plaguing this approach shows that much still need to be done to assure adequate and decent affordable housing. Tenure security, financial difficulties, displacement/forced evictions, coordination of actors, follow-ups, determination of slum sites and their full coverage, the non-respect of building/construction norms during resettlement, trivial help from international donors, lack of technical expertise, government neglect and

Inclusive education may be understood in the way that allows students with special needs to be placed to receive instruction in the mainstream classes and to be taught by mainstream teachers. Novice teachers or teachers with differential levels of teaching experience, belonging to urban-rural background may have a differential attitude towards inclusive education set up. Keeping this in mind, the present study was conducted to study the attitudinal dispositions of elementary school teachers towards inclusive education with reference to gender, teaching experience and locality. Descriptive research design was followed for carrying out the study. The data was collected from the 120 elementary school teachers of Choudwar block and Cuttack city of Odisha. The sample was selected through stratified random sampling technique. A self-developed five-point attitude scale was used for collection of data. The findings of the study revealed that, gender, teaching experience and locality were the factors for developing differential attitudes among the teachers as there were significant differences in the mean attitude scores of elementary school teachers towards various aspects of inclusive education with reference to gender, teaching experience and locality.

The role of this study was to explain the relationship between religious cultures and student retention in Chartered Christian Universities in Kenya. The study was based on Students’ Integration Theory by Tinto [1] and Cultural Model of Educational Management by Bush [2]. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. The targeted population was 604 year four students, 12 Academic Deans, 5 chaplains, 5 Finance Managers, and 5 Deans of students in Chartered Christian Universities. Census method was used to sample the respondents. Questionnaires which were piloted and tested for reliability using test-retest method and validated by experts were used together with interviews to collect data. Qualitative data was later analysed and presented. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics. SPSS version 22 was employed for data analysis. Pearson Product Moment Correlations Co-efficient and regression analysis were computed to establish relationships between the two variables. Embedded Design for mixed methods was used to integrate and present the findings. It was established that religious cultures were related to student retention (r=0.437; p=0.000) and thus, the null hypothesis was rejected, and the alternate hypotheses adopted. The study recommends that chartered Christian universities in Kenya should take advantage of their religious cultures and find policies that strengthen the existing cultures as tahey develop new ones. It also recommends that the Ministry of Education should develop policies that could facilitate student retention and review the existing policies on students’ retention in institutions of higher learning in Kenya and beyond. Moreover, further research should be carried out.