This paper is an attempt to examine the needs for ethical consideration in testing and evaluation. It argues that all in all, there are basically three areas of ethical consideration which pervade the literature; (i) Fairness of test-based decisions; (ii) The utility of tests for evaluating education and (iii) The implications of using test scores as labels for categorising individuals. The paper also examines in some detail some other critical ethical issues like freedom from coercion, informed consent; limited deception; adequate debriefing; confidentiality and protection of privacy. It ends up by advocating monitoring of the use of these tools for testing and evaluation in order to avoid their abuse and misuse.

There are many short and long term consequences for Pakistan in joining the U.S. - led alliance against terrorism. The alliance helped Pakistan overcome sanctions, gain financial and military support, and end its global isolation. Pakistan, on the other hand, is giving a big price in the area of social strategy. It has suffered vast losses in the global war on terror. Counterterrorism against terrorists and domestic militancy added institutional uncertainty and elevated social issues that stayed compatible with assault society. Therefore, Pakistan is regarded to be one of the worldwide system’s financial and strategic losers that have developed since 9/11.

This study aims to comparative analyze for financial performance of PT HSBC Indonesia in 2017 and 2018. The method used in this study is paired sample t test. The result are not difference significant between Performance Ratio of Bank HSBC in 2018 and Performance Ratio of Bank HSBC in 2017. Ratio Performance of bank HSCB are had 9 data decreasing are Minimum Capital Requirement (KPMM) problematic productive assets and non-productive assets of total productive assets and non-earning, problematic productive assets against total earning assets, reserve for impairment losses (CKPN) of financial assets to earning assets, gross NPL, Net NPL, Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Interest Margin (NIM) , Ratio Performance of bank are had 2 data increasing are Operational Expenses on Operating Income and (BOPO) and Loan to Deposit Ratio LDR but Financial performance of HSBC are not difference significant between Performance Ratio of Bank HSBC in 2018 and Performance Ratio of Bank HSBC in 2017.

With the development of feminism, the works of American ethnic female writers’ works has received a lot of attention. Discovering and interpreting the subjectivity in these works are of great importance to female readers. Here, the author made an effort in exploring the subjectivity contained in female writers’ works. The exploration is based on the women’ voice in The Bluest Eye and The Joy Luck Club. The author explained how the works represented the rising of female consciousness and how the figures are portrayed in this paper, trying to get a better understanding of subjectivity, the author relates her findings with gender issues.

In recent years, researchers have attempted to study the subnormals and imbeciles using a wide variety of paradigms. This reading is an attempt to present a comprehensive synopsis of some current social, medical, psychological and educational attitudes to the mentally subnormals and imbeciles. The paper concludes by arguing that the ambit and precinct of subnormals and imbecility pose some central ethical issues which need to be faced by society thus pointing the way towards plans for the future in this realm of enquiry.

Discourse analysis is an important approach in interpreting denotations beyond the surface meaning of a sentence. Two methods are embodied in this research to examine the underlying meaning of certain literary texts. Since the novel Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Montgomery still poorly explored, this paper investigates the language of selected contexts of the novel according to the theories of cooperative principle and conversational implicature. To clarify, the research sheds light on the nature of discourse in the novel using Grice's four conversational maxims. The violation of maxims can be explained with regard to the theory of conversational implicature. The findings of this paper demonstrate the efficiency of the applied theories. The results signify that all the maxims have been flouted among the selected parts of the novel. The overall assumption of maxims flouting in this novel is due to the protagonist‟s constant detachment of her real world. Such continuous demeanor indicates the protagonist‟s wishes of escaping her rough cruel life as an orphan and finding a refuge through her imaginative excursions.

This article examines how Habermas‘s theory of communicative action provides insights for mediation processes and conflict resolution in general. It lays its assumptions that people in society are in relationship and that presuppositions of argumentation proposed by Habermas can assist direct focus on fundamental elements of conflict resolution. Kenya in the wake of the violently disputed presidential elections of 2007 is undergoing a transition period where both the perpetrators and the victims of the violence are seeking justice and reparation respectively. Inherent in the process is the emerging debate on reconciliation and retribution. The failure of International Criminal Court (ICC) to successfully prosecute the six suspects who had been indicted to face charges of criminal culpability in the post-election violence builds a case for alternative conflict resolution approaches. The paper adopts a methodology that discusses the mediation process through conceptual metaphors used in reference to ICC. A closer interpretation of the metaphors can assist the parties to prepare a resolution process that derives from Habermas ideas of the ‗conditions of communication‘. This paper proposes the use of these ideas to constrain abuses of their authority, and ultimately offer mediators a new opportunity to help re-establish positive relationships thereby contributing to the post-election violence transition debate in the postelection violent Kenyan society.

The relevance of common ground is of utmost significance in the production and interpretation of literary plays, especially, those of African refracted universes. However, much as the contribution is to linguistic scholarship, little has been done in this direction, especially on the plays of Ahmed Yerima. Applying the relevance and common ground principles, therefore, this study sets out to investigate how the principles enhance the production and reader‟s interpretation of Ahmed Yerima‟s perspectives in Ajagunmale, so selected because it is rich in data. We found out that with the notion of relevance and common ground, Yerima effectively selects such lexical items of idioms, personal pronouns, proverbs and wise-sayings in the constructions of utterances of his characters in Ajagunmale, thereby aiding our easy understanding of Ahmed Yerima‟s perspectives in the play. A study of the relevance of common ground therefore significantly enhances our interpretation of the use of language and authorial perspective in the play, and could also be useful if applied to other Ahmed Yerima‟s plays as well as other African refracted universes.

This paper examines pre-Kanuri Borno societies focusing more on the „So‟ that were not given much relevance historically. It is in this view that the paper attempts to examine the place of the pre-Kanuri inhabitants of Borno in the history of the area and bring to the fore their contributions to human civilization, particularly in the Chad Basin Area before the arrival of the Sayfawa into Borno. It appears like the history of Borno started only with the coming of the Sayfawa into the area as documented in most reference materials. The „So‟ were the most notable pre-Kanuri inhabitants of Borno. Perhaps there were many ethnic groups who probably dispersed to other locations in the Benue Valley, Bauchi Plateau and some parts of Hausa land. These groups of people left some imprints in terms of civilization that we are able to understand through archaeological and ethnographical researches. The Method that was adopted in writing this paper is documentary analysis, using a multidisciplinary approach that cut across history, ethnography, archaeology and oral tradition. Data collected were critically analysed and interpreted. Findings revealed that the area was well inhabited long before the arrival of the Sayfawa, although, little was known about the pre-Kanuri inhabitants due to lack of enough sources to contend with. In conclusion, the area is noted for a civilization that flourished for thousands of years. As such, there is the need for more research on the area to reveal more on the pre-Kanuri Sayfawa people.

The focus of this paper is on fiscal federalism and its effects on national integration in Nigeria. The paper was aimed at explaining the nature of fiscal federalism in Nigeria and the relationship between fiscal federalism and national integration. The theoretical framework for the paper was the Public Goods Theory. The historical/descriptive analytical approach was the method of the study which relied largely on secondary sources of data collection, such as journals, textbooks, internet and newspapers. The recommendation of the paper among others is that the lasting solution to the problems confronting Nigeria‟s fiscal federalism lies in the readjustment of the tax revenue sharing power of the federation in an equitable manner among the component units which currently angle in favour of the federal government. Conclusively, the paper states that a united country and people are in a better position to ably confront its crises of development, nationhood and stability if there is truly fiscal federalism. National integration is a serious and purposeful endeavour, the failure of which has grave consequences to any nation.

The Arab Spring has been shaped by successive episodes of the revolutions of freedom, the largest geopolitical movement that has rocked the Arab world and the Middle East since the 1960s, which witnessed the eruption of the socalled national revolution that sanctified the Arab exodus from the yoke of old colonialism and their aspiration to independence, freedom, dignity and national sovereignty, like other nations. This study aimed at determines the role played by the Jordanian society during the Syrian crisis in all fields, and to identify the impact of the Syrian crisis on Jordanian society (education, and health). In order to achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire was designed as a main tool for collecting data. It included (54) items divided into four variables (educatione and health). The sample comprised of (177) individual's that selected randomly from all employees of the Jordanian Refugee Affairs Directorate of the Ministry of Interior. After the distribution of the questionnaire and data collection, the SPSS software was used to answer the study questions through the use of descriptive analysis. The study found that there is great impact of Syrian asylum on Jordanian society in all aspects, the threats facing Jordan, due to Syrian asylum, are not only linked to direct security and military threats Syrian refugees have exhausted economic infrastructure and resources in Jordan, and Jordan faces significant challenges to its economic resources under Syrian asylum. In the light of the results the study recommended that the Syrian crisis, its continuation and its impact on Jordan require a new course through the holistic approach to transform the Syrian refugee crisis into a development opportunity that positively reflected on host communities and refugees.

Government institutions such as the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia have given attention to the process of implementing public information disclosure by issuing several regulations. Regulations concerning public information services were issued by the agency since 2010, which were later, renewed in the regulation of the Head of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia number 24 of 2011. Changes to the new regulation are the result of revision of regulation number 16 of 2010 concerning the public information service in the police force of the Republic of Indonesia. Public perceptions related to the quality of service of government institutions that are considered complicated, slow and too many procedures are a challenge for the Indonesian Police Agency. The process of achieving good performance as an indication of the success in the implementation of good governance. According to a survey conducted by the Partnership Governance Index (PGI) regarding the quality of the principles of good governance in Indonesia, data were obtained that based on the dimensions of the principle of good governance related to the level of government information disclosure, showed a tendency towards poor assessment on aspects of transparency. It is an indication that the public considers the level of transparency of the government and Indonesian bureaucracy needs to be improved and improved. Through the qualitative analysis method, this research is expected to produce a mapping of communication and changes in the development of good governance in the Indonesian National Police. Communication and changes in realizing good governance at the police institution are carried out through POLRI Bureaucratic Reform (RBP) as stated in Map the third wave of the National Police Bureaucracy Reform 2016-2019, which is nothing but the actualization of 8 areas of change in the Apparatus, Supervision, Accountability, Mental fields. Institutional, Management, Human Resources Apparatus, Legislation and Public Services, which confirms the importance of implementing clean government and good governance that are universally believed to be the principal needed to provide excellent service to the community, with the main program being carried out by the government to build state apparatus through the application of bureaucratic reform.

The research analyzed lexical aspects which have correlation among the elements in cohesion discourse systematically in the texts of Melayu Deli Folklores. Its objective was to identify and to describe the type of lexical cohesion devices in the texts of the tales, “Hikayat Putri Hijau”, ”Dongeng Batu Belah Batu Betangkup” and “Panglima Nayan”. The analysis was focused on the types of lexical cohesion such as repetition, synonym, antonym, collocation, meronym, and hyponym. The background of the research was LSF (Systemic Functional Linguistics) with the study on the theory of cohesion discourse which states that social context can interpret language structure. The research used library research, descriptive qualitative approach, and primary and secondary data. The result of the research showed that there were the aspects of lexical cohesion such as repetition, synonym, antonym, collocation, meronym, and hyponym, and the most dominant aspect.

The research discusses the profile of Indung in Sundanese society, namely Sunan Ambu, Dewi Sri, and Ronggeng. It is conducted as an effort to unravel the existence of woman as indung or mother that has been influencing many aspects of life of Sundanese society. All those three actors have very dominant role both in social and internal aspect. The figure purpose of the research is to identify the process of value change in a series of time, particularly the change in their function caused by the particular circumstances during the past colonial era. The research employs descriptive-analytical methodology with qualitative approach, and focuses its analysis on process, event and authenticity. The findings of the research suggests that either the of Sunan Ambu, Dewi Sri or Ronggeng, have a multi-dimensional character: namely (1) as a woman who is responsible for human kind‟s life sustainability, (2) as a mother or indung, (3) as a protector and life-giver, the character of which are deeply embedded in those three figures. Those characters are manifestation of”the existence and identity of Sundanese woman” that always inspire the true meaning of life for the human kind.