This study assesses the condition of hostel facilities among students in Federal University Dutse, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was employed to select three students’ hostels; two female hostels and one male hostel for the research while simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents among the students on Campus. Primary data was obtained using questionnaire survey, a total of 140 copies of the questionnaire was administered to the students; 80 (57%) a males and 60 (43%) females. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analyses. The Bio-data of the respondents was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the result shows that 75 (54%) of the respondents are aged between 18 and 20 years, 121(86%) are single, 44 (31%) are level 100, 54 (39%) are level 200, 20 (14%) are level 300 and 22 (16 %) are level 400 students. The data analysis further shows that the respondents gave different assessments of the facilities and services provided in the hostels for example, provision of electricity supply (56.4%), water supply (47.1%), firefighting equipment (40%), writing desks (37.1%), doors (49.3%) and windows (59.3%) were described as excellent and functional. The facilities and services adjudged to be good include fencing (40%), waste disposal (50.7%), standby generator (35.7%), security (36.4%), ICT/Reading (36.4%), kitchenette (33.6%), recreation area (32.1%), bathroom (31.4%), drainage (42.9%), laundry (40%), privacy (40%) and cost of bed space (39.3%). However, the condition of toilets facilities was assessed to be fair with a total of 26.4%. The paper therefore recommends that the Management of the University should sustain the current level of provision of facilities assessed to be in good condition and make efforts to improve on the provision of facilities that are not good condition for achieving better health, wellbeing and enhanced quality of life of the students living in the hostels as contained in the current United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

Many earlier studies assessed virtual vs. traditional learning outcomes. The majority of them had two limitations. (1) learners self-selection of virtual classes, and (2) the lack of exams proctoring. It has been stated that these factors give more opportunities of unrealistic elevation of learning outcomes of virtual classes over the traditional ones. This study is of comparative corpus-based nature applied on 1324 male students of Medicine enrolled in Joint First Year Program (JFYP) at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in the first semesters of the academic years (2017-2018) and (2018-2019). Participants of this study were given English classification test before commencing their JFYP. In the first semester of the academic year (2017-2018), 624 students were taught English in traditional classes by the English Language Center (ELC) at UQU. The other 700 students studied English through virtual classes by TeachCast with Oxford via Eleutian platform. Then, all participants sat for final exams by the end of their first semesters. Comparing the participants’ grades in these two tests is meant to (1) test the claims of the earlier studies, (2) reveal the impact of English instruction by the ELC at UQU and (3) disclose whether the English learning outcomes of controlled virtual classes surpass the traditional classes’ or not. Findings of this study indicated that the learning outcomes of virtual classes significantly surpassed the traditional classes although the affecting factors stated by earlier studies were eliminated. Then, the study recommendations were suggested.

The purpose of this study is to find out how much the influence from product and promotion factors in influencing brand awareness and purchase intention, besides also to find out how much brand awareness is in mediating product and promotion factors. This study involved 163 respondents who were consumers from Micca who at least bought Micca products once and lived in Jabodetabek. The research method used in this study is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Lisrel 8.8 as the software and combined with SPSS 21 to analyze the pre survey. The results showed that in the case of Micca research, the promotion variable had a positive and significant effect on purchase interest and brand awareness. While the product variable does not have a positive and significant effect on purchase interest but has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness. In addition, in this study it is also known that brand awareness has a mediating function that has a positive and significant effect on purchase interest. The description above shows that to increase purchase interest, companies should pay attention to factors that are considered by consumers in terms of promotion and brand awareness. Although the product variables in this study do not show positive and significant results in influencing purchase interest, the company still has to increase the products sold on the market to increase brand awareness, because the results of the study state that the product has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness.

This study is about gender representation in billboard advertisements. It analyzed how male and female were represented in billboard advertisements in Nigeria. A fleeting glance at billboards in Nigeria often show a disconnect between the models and the products they represent. This observation led to employing the social constructionist theory of representation which posits that meaning is constructed by the individual users of the language to ascertain how the males and females are represented in billboard advertising with the unit of analysis as sex, roles and dressing of the products spokesperson, and product connection. The data for this study which were gathered through content analysis of billboards and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were analyzed using semiotic and textual analysis. This study which is both a quantitative and qualitative study found out that men are located mostly outside the home while the females were always seen within the home and less in the work environment. Again the issue of no-product connection was higher on the female side that mostly played decorative roles. This study becomes timely in the heels of the efforts towards eliminating gender discrimination and stereotypes. It is also hoped that this work will be a stepping stone for further research on gender representation in Nigerian billboard advertisements.

Migration has become one of the defining issues in this globalised world. This is a known fact as research has shown that there have been periods of displacement and misplacement across borders and boundaries. The attention given to migration in recent times is quite alarming as individuals are now leaving their countries in search of jobs, medical care and education. There are events which have claimed the lives of so many Africans and despite these happenings, the increase in migration cannot be over emphasized. It is at the backdrop of this that this study sought to investigate the influence of social media reportage on migration to Malaysia. Anchoring this study on technological determinism theory of communication, a sample of 375 respondents were administered questionnaire using a multi stage sampling technique. Findings revealed that respondents are exposed to and are aware of social media stories on the flamboyant lifestyle of Malaysian returnees. Also, respondents show positive attitude to Malaysian migrants who return with a lot wealth in spite of the bad image they have been associated with. Therefore, the study recommended that social media users should be ethical in their reportage in order not to mislead the audience and that respondents should imbibe the culture of self censorship so as to check the attitudes that are formed as a result of exposure to social media messages.

Polio vaccination rejection among Muslims of northern Nigeria came as a result of misconception, rumours and mistrust of the polio vaccines. This paper is premised on exploring the Muslim–focused cultural sensitivity in the polio vaccination campaign to solve the problem of polio rejection and enhance the acceptance of the antigen as a preventive measure against poliomyelitis. The data was collected through in-depth interviews. 12 key informants comprising of physicians, traditional leaders and Islamic clerics were therefore selected purposively among the Muslim parents with children eligible for polio vaccination in northern Nigeria's states of Kaduna, Kano and Plateau. The findings revealed that Muslim-focused cultural sensitivity in polio vaccination messages and communication campaign will help to remove misconception and rumours about polio vaccination safety and efficacy in Northern Nigeria. It also established that the involvement of the Islamic clerics in the polio campaign will help to educate the Muslim parents to accept the polio vaccination for their children. The study concludes that there is the need to employ Islamic clerics as community mobilisers for polio vaccination campaign to reach out to communities and settlements for the sensitisation of the parents using Muslim-focused polio messages in interpersonal communication situations.

The paper examines the influence of socio-economic status of Households on affordability of public sector housing units in Kano metropolis. A total of 1,635 housing units were the target population purposively chosen from Danladi Nasidi, Zawaciki, Jido and Wailari housing estates. Using population proportionate sample size (PPS), 314 households were determined as the sample size while the respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique (SRS). Structured interviews and self-administered questionnaires were employed for the data collection. A total of 314 copies of the questionnaire were distributed with a response rate of 99.4% (312). The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques with assistance of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The result shows households have different socioeconomic attributes, which have major influences on housing affordability. Respondents with higher socio-economic status in the society stand better chances of affording public sector housing units. The analysis has shown that income level and social standing of respondents are the major factors that determine housing affordability among the respondents. The civil servants especially low-income earners and other working class households were found to have minimum chances of housing affordability, which was also influenced by limited or no savings after family expenditures. Consequently, majority of the respondents are tenants in the public housing units. Therefore, the paper recommends a review of the method of disposing the housing units and the introduction of mortgage system that is readily accessible and easily affordable to households. It is also important for the government to make the building materials cheaper and affordable so as to enable people to meet their housing demands without falling into housing affordability problems.

In 1967, „Abdul Majid Daryabadi got the Arabic Scholar Award from the Government of India. In 1975, the Aligarh Muslim University awarded him a Doctorate in Literature. He was a famous writer, critic, Islamic scholar, researcher, journalist, man of letters, man of high moral values, Islamic philosopher and mufassir of the Holy Qur‟an in Indian subcontinent in 20th century. He worked for the betterment of the Muslim nation. He had a unique style of writing which was expressive and tinged with humor and sarcasm. He died in January 1977. His life and works, especially his contribution to the study of Tafsir enriched our knowledge, developed our ideas and intellectual thoughts Maulana Daryabadi wrote a famous Tafsir in English first then in Urdu named Tafsir‟ul Qura‟nil Hakim. In his Tafsir, he quoted from Bible and other religious books compared and established Islam as the best of all. It had been written during the Second World War as great as others in that time and in his contemporary four tafsirs have been written in Indian SubContinent. The paper has been focused the comparison Daryabadi‟s tafsir with other his contemporary four tafsirs in Indian Sub-Continent.

Style of communication in the patriarchal context cannot follow the normative leadership, so that women must be able to exploit in the field. The aim of the study was to analyze the ability of women as leaders by describing the characteristics and to analyze the communication style of female Headman in Bekasi region. This research was conducted due to the increasement of government support for the role of women in sustainable development (SDGs). The approach to this research was qualitative, namely by conducting in-depth interviews with the female Headman. The sampling technique was conducted purposively. Result showed that Mrs. Sophi as female Headman in Jatiluhur Bekasi region had leadership characteristics, namely intelligent by having a master degree in educational background, broad social relations which were demonstrated by making direct visits to residents so that she knew the needed and what problems that were faced by the residents. The leadership communication style of Mrs. Sophi (female Headman in Jatiluhur Bekasi region) was a feminine-masculine communication style (situational female leadership communication), this was demonstrated through a direct communication style. The firmness of Mrs. Sophi in communicating with her residents was conducted by a situational approach.

The existence of products with private label brands is a priority for the ritailer, because in addition to helping to increase the number of visits and sales in the store, it can also increase customer loyalty. The rapid development of private labels can be seen from the increasing number of types of private label products being marketed. But the development of sales of private label products at Alfamidi in 2017 is still not satisfactory and tends to stagnate. The condition of the consumption level of Alfamidi's private label products is still low, even though the company has approached various promotional activities. In this study is to obtain a model of repurchase intention and to know the effect of brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, brand loyalty on the intention to repurchase private label products . This research was conducted with a quantitative approach and data collection techniques for questionnaires surveying 100 respondents at the Alfamidi research site in Tangerang City. The results showed that there was a significant influence between brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, brand loyalty towards the intention to repurchase private label products . However, there is a negative relationship between brand awareness and repurchase intention. The contributions of the four variables amounted to 47.4% towards the intention to repurchase. This indicates that there are still 52.6% of other variables that are factors in influencing the intention to repurchase . This indicates that the brand is not a major consideration for consumers in buying private label products at Alfamidi stores . There are other factors such as products, prices, places, promotions and distribution channels.

The wearing of Charms Tolak Bala in avert is a tradition in the Malay community in the village of Bagan Serdang Subdistrict Pantai Labu.Study this study investigates about the wearing of charms tolak bala in rejecting in Malay society of Village Bagan Serdang. The wearing of charms tola kbala in avert still a culture conducted most community groups in Indonesia, either in the form of rituals, rites of Thanks giving rituals or avert. These ceremonies have become a tradition in the community in daily life that handed down by the ancestors to the generations to come. The wearing of charms tolak bala in rejecting the community activity is channelled to the traditions which continue to be developed by the Malay Village Bagan Serdang. Thus, the tradition of wearing charms tolak bala in avert performed by residents of KampungBaganSerdangSubdistrict Pantai Labu can survive because the local residents continue to use and keep them. The focus of this research include about practice and execution against the wearing of charms tolak bala. This study uses qualitative methods to get the appropriate data that is happening in the field. Data collection is done by conducting interviews with some of the respondents came from the community. The results showed that the Malay Village Bagan Serdang still trust and use the wearing of charms tolak bala in the avert and to protect themselves.

Starting from Placid Tempels’ discovery of “being-force” as characteristic of the worldview of Bantus and from the natural theology of Kôngo religion as the exposition of its essential doctrines through deductive logic, this paper attempts a generalization of the notion of n‟kisi, often wrongly reduced to the concept of fetish. This generalization demonstrates that the concept of n‟kisi alludes to spiritual power as the protecting presence surrounding the human being and the animating spirit governing human beings, phenomena as well as objects of nature and of human creation. Thus defined, the concept of n‟kisi can be grasped through the divine, human, and demonic modes. While the divine n‟kisi is related to the practice of African traditional religion, the human-produced n‟kisi is rather an aspect of African traditional technology. As for the demonic n‟kisi, it is the result of the loss of the support of holy ancestors due to failure to observe ethical requirements, and/or the use of submitted evil spirits.