The role of university today is to greatly contribute in the development of Start-Up Business in accordance with its capacity as an intellectual source through the formation of the students’ atmosphere into a reliable entrepreneur in the future. The strategy is to create an entrepreneurial atmosphere in the university through a business and technology incubation model development that focuses on start-up business based on the creative economy sub-sector. The purpose of this research is to strengthen the incubation institute of the business and technology in the university with the approach of model and method of work, the development of business incubation program, and also to produce tenants of start-up business in the university. The result of this research found that there is effective model of business start-up development in university through an ideal and effective business incubation that is replicated and implemented by other universities. The next finding in establishing an entrepreneurial atmosphere model is through a start-up competition program among universities.

In particular there are two social settings in the world namely rural and urban and these two segments are subjected for a precipitate change. Also noticeable that, the media in the world that exposed for globalization performs a considerable task which affects the social environment, attitudes and behavioral conduct of individuals as revealed through investigations on social processes. This study was focused on Madirigiriya village in Polonnaruwa district in the North central province in Sri Lanka in line with a random sampling method having selected 153 informants for the sample. Information collected through a questionnaire with added investigations via focused group discussions (FGDs), and observations, attended in qualitatively and quantitatively. The software titled SPSS, Excel was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that due to the penetration of media, the living fashion had been affected by changing important social elements such as the food consumption pattern, physical environment of the house and the family system, daily routine, educational needs, changed hobbies also to change the political base in the society, awareness on legal framework.

The study presents a survey designed to measure levels of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in Saudi learners of English in the United Kingdom. As part of the study, a 32-item structured questionnaire and some open-ended questions were administered to a randomly selected sample of 80 Saudi learners who were studying either Academic or General English in various language institutions and universities across the UK. Data collected through the survey were subjected to some basic statistical analyses, such as "mean" and "standard deviation", inferential statistics, such as correlations and ANOVA, and thematic analysis for the open-ended questions. Based on the results from the analysis, a number of generalizations and conclusions were made in relation to the role of motivation in learning English for Saudis temporarily studying in the UK educational setting. In addition, some recommendations are offered, which can help Saudi teachers and learners of English achieve better learning outcomes.

This paper attempts a reinterpretation of European colonisation of Africa with particular reference to settler and non-settler colonies in Africa. Colonial system whether it is “indirect rule” practiced by the British, the French “assimilation” and “association”, German “paternalism”, Portuguese “Luso-tropicalism” etc have the same motives and tendencies aimed at exploitation, peripherialisation and pauperisation of the African people in all parameters for their material benefits. The methodological approach adopted in this research is “qualitative method”. Secondary source materials have been utilised, which comprised mainly published books that have been critically analysed. In the findings, why some colonies have been inhabited by white settlers while others not and why the settlers did not vacate after independence and the implications of this development in Africa. This paper also attributed most of the present conditions and situations in Africa to be connected to colonial legacies. These include conflicts of different kinds, militancy, social dislocation, complexity in Africa as well as neocolonialism. It has been observed that colonial conquest of Africa resulted in strangulating the African societies and making them dwarf and the bereft of mental initiatives towards societal development.

The article established the relationship between youth livelihood program fund and unemployment reduction in relation to gender in western division, Kabarole District. The study adopted an observational, cross-sectional exploration design with both quantitative and qualitative as paradigms in order to describe the data and its characteristics. Questionnaires, interview guides and focused groups discussions were employed to garner information from the respondents. Data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages and bar graphs. The study findings showed that there was a positive correlation between youth livelihood program fund and unemployment reduction in relation to gender. The study findings recommended that training of the youth groups should be handled on a case by case basis depending on the nature of the enterprises specialized in while considering the group dynamics. There should be regular follow up by the relevant offices to save the situation before it runs out of hand, increase the operational (monitoring) funds for the projects across the board. There is need to ensure capacity building of both men and women to improve their financial management and entrepreneurship skills, give males and females equal opportunities and treat them equally and have equal and easy access to the funds, the study also suggested that both males and females should be involved in policy making processes of their own groups so as to feel a sense of belongingness of their own projects.

This paper demonstrates the imperativeness of public participation if the people who are entrusted with leadership in a country misgovern amid the watch of constitutionalism. For social justice to occur—for the vast majority of Kenyans to access healthcare, adequate housing, adequate and nutritious food, safe water, social security, education, to ensure their well-being—governance is the sine qua non. It is not governance per se, but governance that is participatory: a type of governance that values the views of the governed. Kenya, with a population of approximately 50 million, has over 45 per cent of its people living below the poverty line or on less than two dollars a day while some citizens have by far more than they need. The East African country is regarded by the World Bank, UNDP and other authorities as one of the most unequal countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Because of this huge divide between the haves and the have-notes, the country is far from attaining social justice. For social justice to be achieved, social problems have to be mitigated. This is only achieved if people have access to the basic needs such as clean water, food, healthcare, and clothing. But then again, social justice cannot be achieved without public participation, accountability, transparency, effectiveness and efficiency, equity and inclusiveness, responsiveness, and the rule of law. Through literature review, it is clear that participatory governance boosts not only equality and equity, but also efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery, alleviation of corruption, ineptitude, laxity and inertia, and empowerment of the people in their quest to expand their choices.

The advent of Islam in the sixth century resulted in the formation of a new empire and a world civilization. With the rise of Islam, Muslims had made immense leaps forward in the area of Science and Technology. The Contribution of Islamic Civilization to Science and Technology from the 8th to 16th century is a noteworthy expansion in human antiquity. The Muslim Scientists not only conserved the ancient knowledge, but also transformed it into major new contributions to the basic science and technology. Muslim Scientists significantly contributed to human knowledge in various fields through their innovations. This contribution was so great that Islamic civilization has been the pioneer of the scientific, intellectual and cultural genius for a long period of time. This paper, therefore analyses the contributions of Islamic Civilization with particular references to sciences. It affirms that Islam is beyond only the religion of prayers and rituals. This paper will also try to shed a light on few works that have been carried out by the Muslim Scientists with a brief explanation on their work on applied sciences like Mathematics, Astronomy, Chemistry, Physics, Medicine and other branches of modern science.

The church’s growth rate is simply not keeping pace with world’s burgeoning population, especially in East and West Sub-counties of Nakuru County. An honest evaluation of church membership verses the population of the area will lead one to conclude that unless there is a dramatic change in the way the church is growing, then the church will not complete Heaven’s assignment. This study examined levels of role and responsibility coordination among pastors and church elders in the SDA church. The researcher employed descriptive research designs with both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results indicated that believers indeed had spiritual challenges that hindered the church to grow. It was found out that with commitment and education in the word of God members have the potential to reach the masses with the word of God. The researcher conducted a survey to determine the challenges facing spiritual growth and development in this locality. This was to help discover the challenges and strategize on ways that the church can use to grow. It was meant also to help the church leadership address those issues that will make the church stagnant without fulfilling its mission. The study concluded that nomination process was not transparent since some posts were reserved for specific persons; it was found that such exercise was influenced negatively by the leadership. The findings also ascertained that church elders and pastors imposed persons of their choice in specific posts and influencing the election process. The leaders of the churches in this locality will need to work together with the laity in addressing the spiritual challenges. When they work together results will be a spiritual people and a church ready to fulfill God’s mission. The spiritual leaders need to take a front lead.

This study aims to determine the effect of Transactional Politics in the Election of Regional Heads in Gorontalo Province. The purpose of this study is to see political transactions occurring among party elites or political actors, their influence on party administrators in making choices for regional head candidates and the sociological impact of political transactions on voters. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach and with correlation analysis techniques. Data collection uses questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be seen that there is a significant influence between the effect of transactional politics on voter behavior in the Election of Regional Heads. This political scenario has an impact on the voting community in determining candidates for regional heads, this is because party sympathizers sometimes have party emotional ties, sometimes also have emotional ties figure. Regional head candidates who have been determined by party elites have a strategy to influence voters to also practice political transactions with voter citizens or party sympathizers. The sociological impact on society from this transactional political practice, especially for voters who have low knowledge about political situations and conditions, is dilemmatic in determining candidates for regional head because it is influenced by psychological pressure both party and material doctrine.

Humor, as a universal language phenomenon, is an important part in people‟s daily life, which can improve human relations, bring pleasant feeling to people. A sitcom, short form for a situation comedy, consists of a large quantity of humors, and is one of the best carrier forms of humor. Friends is one of the most successful American sitcoms. Love Apartment also enjoys great popularity in China. Under the theoretical framework of speech act theory, this paper analyses the similarities and difference of humorous speech acts in these two famous sitcoms and explores the reasons behind the difference and aims to help the audience have a better interpretation of the sitcoms.

This study examines the extent of eligibility of dhimmi to assume the leadership of an Islamic country. The problem of the study lies in removing the requirement of Islam in the head of a Muslim country; and the extent of the eligibility of members of non-Muslim minorities to hold this office. I wanted from this study to explain the Shariah view and look into authorities of each opinion; and additionally, the position of the Palestinian law for a non-Muslim to lead a Muslim country. The aim of looking at these authorities and discussing them is to reach to the Islamic view which is in line with the Shariah provisions, and to explain the extent upon which the Palestinian law has granted religious minorities this right. The study adopts inductive approach in getting the opinions and authorities; and the study then follows the analytical approach in analyzing these views and authorities and came out with comfortable strong evidence. I started by explaining the nature of Islamic political system and that it is discretionary branch of Shariah. The study further addressed views on the ruling of leadership of dhimmi in Islamic countries, which ranged between two views: The first view and the holders are the vast majority of scholars and thinkers; they say it is prohibited. And the second opinion which is the view of some contemporary thinkers and scholars where they say dhimmi is allowed to lead Muslims. And after studying both views and their authorities the study preferred the prohibition of leadership of non-Muslim on Muslims, and this is based on the principle of justice and there is no violation of values, principles and foundations of citizenship. Finally, the Palestinian Basic Law does not require specific religion for the presidential candidate of the state.

This is a cross sectional survey study of reward structure management and Employee Commitment of banking employees in Rivers State, Nigeria. The concern of the study is focussed on employees loafing and banking sector crises that has become an occurring decimal in Nigeria. A sampled population of 200 principal officers of selected banks under study was determined using Taro Yamane sample determination formula. Structured closed ended questionnaire was constructed to extract testable responses. The data gathered were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient statistics. The result of the analyses showed that there is a significant relationship between Reward Structure Management and Employee Commitment in Commercial Banks in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. It is concluded that better Reward Structure Management is one best approach to ensuring Employees Commitment in the banking sector. It is therefore recommended that for effectiveness and sustainable banking operations, the banking system actors should design a good Reward Structure Management that takes cognizance of team collaboration, goal achievement, profit sharing and organisational citizenship. These attributes, the study has shown portend greater employees‟ commitment that can give rise to innovativeness and loyalty in the banking sector.

Money laundering crime has become an essential link in crime. The perpetrators of crime hide the results of corruption in the financial system or various other forms of endeavor. The act of concealing the proceeds of crime or the funds obtained from the offense is intended to obscure the origin of the property. Various reasons to combat money laundering which could adversely impact the economy, either macro and micro, because it is corrosive to the economic fundamentals. At the macro level, either directly or indirectly, money laundering can disrupt various financial systems, social systems, and the political system of a country. All countries agreed that money laundering is a crime that should have confronted and eradicated. Therefore, it takes the role of various parties to introduce, prevent and eradicate money laundering. One of the branches of economics is the Development Economy, which basically questioned how the implementation of development, so that people get a better life through the fulfillment of their needs. That way can go well if any of the rules are agreed upon. Then the picture concludes that the law and the economy are mutually supportive. The law or regulation guarantees the needs of the community and the interaction of the good. The required Economic Law is a law capable of creating a climate and atmosphere that allows the government and the community to work together. In short, the Economic Law in question is the Economic Law that is able to establish cooperation between the government and all components of society

Sometimes writing impressively gratifies the writer, while writing expressively not only satisfies, but also benefits the reader. If so, writers who write to impress themselves had better keep their written work for their personal reading. How writers use language is critical, because it determines how meanings of their ideas are received, interpreted and acted upon (herein referred to as language ergonomics). This paper reviews literature from English language authorities on well—writing to express. It is about using a short, specific, concrete, common, and positive word; about using a strong verb and the active voice; about using a word that means what it is supposed to mean. That is all about effective writing as defined by eight Cs: Concise, saying what needs to be said using only the necessary words; Choice, using suitable words; Compelling, saying it in a way that makes the listener or reader pay attention; Compliant, obeying relevant language rules. It is also defined as Consistent, avoiding contradictions, i.e. being in agreement with what the experts say; Clear, using a simple and direct way so that listeners or readers understand it easily; Coherent, saying it in a logical and organised way; Concrete, trying to be as definite and as specific as possible. The researcher discovers through analysis that great writers use both adverbs and adjectives sparingly to avoid wastage. While adjectives overwhelm nouns, adverbs weaken verbs. Wordsmiths prefer strong verbs to modifiers, opt for concrete words as opposed to abstract ones, go in for a variety of sentences rather than only long-winded ones, and choose the active voice other than passive. If writers chose to follow these simple rules, communication objectives could be achieved.

The existence of law enforcement agencies in the Republic is considered not as protectors and protectors, but often backfires and social problems because what is aspired are not by the reality. Nevertheless, the community continues to voice the law as what is desired even though sometimes it is ignored but still struggling. The law desired by society is necessarily a law that lives sociologically. At the level of investigation in the police, even if someone is suspected of having committed a minor criminal offense, the police will still apply the concept of the investigation by the prescribed criminal procedure law. In the current system of investigating criminal cases, the government continues to seek reasoning mediation against the background of thoughts that are associated with the ideas of renewal of criminal law (penal reform) and associated with the problem of pragmatism. The background of the ideas of "reforming reasoning" includes the idea of victim protection, technical ideas, the idea of restorative justice, the idea of overcoming rigidity/formality in the prevailing system, the idea of avoiding the adverse effects of the criminal justice system and the current criminal system, in particular in seeking other alternatives to imprisonment (alternative to imprisonment/alternative to custody). The problem that can be raised from this paper is how the position of a system of reasoning mediation in the police investigation system on objects and how the opportunities and prospects for the implementation of a penal mediation system as an effort to discuss criminal law in Indonesia. This research study is normative juridical research by looking at national criminal law as a rule or norm in the enforcement of criminal law. The researcher will see the principle of legality in national criminal provisions both in principle and in the application of law enforcement. In normative juridical research, the type of data used is secondary data obtained from library data.

The government provides criminal law policies to someone who wants to be a whistleblower and a justice collaborator of corruption. The criminal law policy is enforced in Law No. 31 of 2014 as a complement to the weaknesses of Law No. 13 of 2006 and several other regulations. Regarding the amount of government appreciation given in the form of protection and appreciation, it is necessary to know how important the role of a whistleblower and justice collaborator is in uncovering the main criminal acts of corruption in assisting the criminal justice system in this country. This paper was carried out at the Witness and Victim Protection Agency. The data obtained are primary data and secondary data. Also, primary data collection techniques are also carried out by interviewing the parties concerned which are then analyzed descriptively. The data obtained is then processed and reviewed based on the formulation of the problem that has been applied so that it is expected to obtain a clear and concrete picture of the objects discussed qualitatively and subsequently presented descriptively namely explaining, elaborating, and describing by the problems closely related to this research. In giving testimony in general, the Justice Collaborator is motivated by a reduction in the period of detention or from his heart. Indeed he intends to repent. However, also in the testimony sometimes a Justice Collaborator is disturbed or hindered by his fellow friends who commit a crime, and this is what every country in the world needs to regulate so that the dismantling of a crime can run optimally. In responding to Corruption cases, countries in the world have reacted with various rules so that they can create a deterrent effect for the perpetrators of the crime, as well as the rules regarding Whistleblowers and Justice Collaborators they have included in their country's Law. However, in Indonesia, the rules regarding witnesses of new perpetrators and reporters are regulated in the 2011 Supreme Court Circular.

The study assessed the impact of poverty alleviation programme on Agricultural Production and Literacy Among Adults in Damaturu Yobe state. The Objectives of the study is to assess the impact of poverty alleviation on Agricultural production and Literacy among Adults. And the beneficiaries of this study are the Yobe State Agency for Community and Social Development, Ministry of Sport and Youth Empowerment, Non-Governmental Organization Eradicating Poverty, Youths/Adult, Farmers and School Dropout. A survey research design was used for the study. The target population of the study was comprise of 300 beneficiaries of poverty alleviation programmes in Damaturu Local Government Area, one hundred and sixty nine (169) was selected as sample through simple random sampling techniques. The instrument used for this study was questionnaire tagged Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes on Adults Economic in Empowerment in Damaturu, Yobe State (APAPAEED). In analyzing the data descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and Ranks was used. The study reveals that Poverty Alleviation Programmes has positive impacts on Agricultural Production and Literacy programme in Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria.

Coastal Zone Development requires a focused and sustainable star strategy so that the success of a regional planning is largely determined by the regional development strategy. The purpose of this study is to determine the development strategy of the coastal area of the city of Makassar. This research method is located at the Makassar City Spatial and Building Office, with the consideration that it is necessary to carry out research to find out actually based on documents and interviews as well as direct observation to the Tallo River Strategic Area and North Reclamation Area. This study uses a qualitative approach. The results showed that the strategy for developing the northern coastal area was designed for the center of maritime activities and as a disaster mitigation effort but in addition to being a permanent reclamation area, conservation efforts were still considered. strategic areas that are directed and designated as areas that provide strong control over the stability and balance of the environment of coastal ecosystems. The Tallo River region has a strategic direction as an area that provides potential raw water sources, an area designated as a Strategic Energy Center with high sensitivity and complexity as a city energy center. the development strategy of the coastal region of Makassar City shows that the northern coastal region is designated as a center of maritime activities and also as a disaster mitigation effort in urban coastal areas.

This present article is dedicated to the study of tense and modality in Kwame Nkrumah’s speech delivered in May 1963 at the meeting of African Heads of States and Governments. Indeed, during this historic occasion, Nkrumah has made use of tense and modality to express his point of view related to the validation of the predicative relation, to the assessment of African states situation, to the creation of African unity and to the consequences that might result from this unity. Furthermore, he has expressed his commitment, his determination and made suggestion and given advice to mark a break of the situation they were enduring.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between transactional analysis strategies and workplace harmony of hospitability organizations in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Cross sectional survey design was used for this study. High levels of casualization of staff strength were found in these organizations under study, hence the study focus only on the managers of selected standard hospitality organizations in Rivers State. Sample size of ninety (90) managers was sampled using census survey design. The hypotheses of the study was tested and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), findings revealed that, the dimension of the predictor variable transactional analysis strategies; personality component, Ego states, Trust and Communication have a significant relationship between the measure of the criterion variable workplace harmony; grievances frequency and collaboration. The Moderating factors of motivation and leadership moderate the relationship between transactional analysis strategies and workplace harmony of hospitality organization in Rivers State. Therefore, we recommended that thoughtfulness and adherence should be geared towards implementing the dimension listed and discussed in this study as it enhances workplace harmony.

This study aims at determining the impact of four determinants: market intelligence, competitors intelligence, technological intelligence and strategic intelligence on the innovation of marketing communication activities in Saudi service organizations. These determinants called competitive intelligence. Determining the statistical differences in the levels of innovation and competitive intelligence in the survived organizations are objectives of this study. The research population consists all of large Saudi companies working in the service sector in the year 2016 which are commercial banks, telecom companies, insurance companies and private hospitals. The full survey method is used. The number of survived companies reached to 67 companies. The study approved that the competitive intelligence and its determinants are key sources of innovation in marketing communication activities. The study also find that there are no statistical differences in the level competitive intelligence while the differences in the level of innovation is approved. Finally, the study recommended some implications to improve the levels of competitive intelligence and innovation in Saudi economy.