The present analysis gives an idea about the Hall current effect on an unsteady Magneto Hydro Dynamic flow of an incompressible viscous, electrically steering fluid through a vertically symmetric artery but horizontally non-symmetric arterial with a mild stenosis. Numerical observations of the laminar flow of a power law fluid in a multiple stenosed artery, in the existence of transverse magnetic field. Now, Hall current effect is taken in to consideration. The transformed governing equations in the present study were solved numerically by using FDM. Effect of stenosis, magnetic field , the Hall current parameter „ ‟, and power law fluid index „ ‟ on the velocity profiles, the wall shear stress and the axial flow are presented graphically.

W.H Auden belongs to Key 1930s and Philip Larkin belongs to The Movement. Even though they belong to different genres of poetry, they have some similarities and differences. In the early age, Philip Larkin was influenced by W.H Auden. Through W.H Auden’s poem, Larkin sought his own voice. Therefore this paper makes a comparison between W.H Auden and Philip Larkin. From this paper we will have a clear understanding on their differences as well as similarities. According to the comparison, it will help us understand the two poets more clearly.

Nowadays, in China, English is regarded as a foreign language and college English courses are offered in nearly all the colleges and universities. However, teaching English in colleges inevitably exists some problems. During the teaching process, teachers mainly occupies the dominant position and students are short of communication with teachers and among students themselves, and part of teaching content is out of date and exercises are stereotyped, which lead to the imbalance in foreign language classroom ecology. Therefore, based on the perspective of eco-linguistics, the paper aims to explore strategies in college English teaching in order to build the ecological and harmonious college English classroom.

This article explores the history of political system of Memba from mid19th century to mid 20th century A.D. The paper also presents a lucid account of the factor that shaped political changes in the Menchuka region in the mid twentieth century’s. The paper covers the history of its geographical and political position prior to India independence. The paper shed light on the following question. What was the position of Menchuka before 1952? What was the political set up of Menchuka? What role did Tibetan authority play in the appointment and functioning of Deb in Menchuka? What were the various function played by Deb? And what was the function of subordinate official called Chim in Menchuka?.

Smartphones have turned out to be a major part of the lives of Nigerians owing to its unique capacity to combine communication and computing on mobile devices. Its evolution has made it an indispensable item in the possession of Nigerians, especially youths and elites of the older generation, as it allows for social interaction, business communication, safe storage of personal files and mobile learning among other things. Through a critical review of relevant academic studies, the article explores the evolution of smartphone in the world and how Nigerians have adopted the device. This paper argues that Nigerians adopt smartphones due to reasons such as educational needs, social communication needs, social influence and brand name and features. Some of the potentials of smartphones to the Nigerian society, as the paper posits are; knowledge sharing in work environment, improvement of social and business relationships, creation of new business dimensions and the availing of health/educational resources. Issues such as addiction, selfie syndrome, social disconnection, academic-related problems as well as health challenges were raised as the negatives from the utility of smartphones. The paper recommends that Nigerians be more disciplined with their phones when in meetings and that students should only use their smartphones to access educational materials outside the examination halls. Also, people should limit their exposure to smart phone screens to avoid visual-related problems.

The study assessed the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) competencies possessed by students of Teacher Education Department, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. It adopted a descriptive survey design. Six research questions guided the study. Two hundred (200; 82 males and 118 females) teacher education students formed the sample of the study; the sample comprised fifty (50) students from each level. A validated fifty-nine (59) items on a four point Likert scale questionnaire titled Students’ Competencies on Information and Communication Technology (SCICT) was used for data collection. Cronbach Alpha was used to establish the reliability index of the instrument as 0.71. The data collected were analyzed with frequency, simple percentage and mean. It was found that respondents possessed competencies in basic computer knowledge, word processing and electronic communication and fair in spreadsheet, power point and multimedia applications. It was recommended, among others, that students in Teacher Education Department should be given sufficient training on how to use ICT in their academic studies.

Drought causes decline in bio-productivity, affects livelihoods and threatens food security. However, it has been observed that access to assets (such as natural capital) and diversification of livelihood help in ameliorating drought risk. The aim of this paper is to examine the contributions of ownership of assets and livelihood diversification in the overall adaptation to drought of farming communities in Bungudu, Dange, Dawakin-Tofa and Rimi in Northwestern Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling adopted by this study led to the selection of four localities and eighty smallholder farmer households. The research used indicators for measuring adaptive capacity to construct an adaptive capacity index. The values of the indicators were normalized. All the normalized scores lie between -1 and 0. Then scorecard method was used to compare and rank contributions of ownership of assets and livelihood diversification to the adaptation to drought of the four communities. The Adaptation Index generated has shown that Dawakin-Tofa with scores the highest score (43.5) has been ranked 1st is among the communities with highest ownership of small ruminants and is the most adaptive among the four communities. The findings of this study have corroborated work that shown that low adaptation to drought is associated with among other things lacking of livestocks (including small ruminants). It is concluded that ownership of small ruminants scored highest and has been ranked 1st in its contribution to adaptation to drought in ¾ communities of the study area. The recommendations of this study are geared towards enhancing sustainable livelihood of the communities.

This paper considers how the kotoki (political Interpreter) adopted by the Ahoms kings and later adopted by the British to deal with the various hill tribes of Arunachal Pradesh became one of the important element in the Nyishi traditional system. Here I tried to highlight the growth and development of kotoki and its mere role as a messenger to becoming a decision making body in the Nyishi Village Council. The paper focuses on the how the kotoki served as a bridge between the outsiders and Nyishi, which helps in understanding the culture, customs and traditional practices of the Nyishi. It also deals how the Nyishi after remaining isolated for so long gradually opened up to the outsiders though with much intricacy.

The law about national education system shows that in learning process, a student as an object of learning is not adequate due to student’s role itself is equal to teacher. Learning process in elementary school is found interesting on condition that teacher is able to optimalize the implementation of proper learning media. In other words, by optimalizing the use of media, learning process would amuse the students and provide a valuable meaning needed in developing the result itself. This article aims to highlight innovation or optimalization of learning-media use established at X Elementary School Bandung in 2015. Research findings show learning process in X Elementary School is unable to comply with expectation. Based on observation result, it shows that learning process is monotonous due to a dull presentation and unvaried performance. By involving students into implementation of learning media, their point of interest in learning can develop as learning process becomes uncomplicated to perceive.

Learning in SMKN 5 Jambi city took place with conventional methods suspected causes of students tend to be passive in learning. For that sought the effort to change the method of learning that can make students active. The research aims to: 1) To study the procedure of developing instructional media based on adobe flash CS3 program. 2) To study adobe flash CS3 program-based learning media that is feasible to use. Research type is research and development with reference to Lee and Owens development model that is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Develpoment, Impelementation and Evaluationi). The subjects of the study were the students of class X in SMKN 5 Jambi city totaling 22 students. Instruments used: Observation, questionnaires, evaluation of media experts, evaluation of materials experts, media evaluation by teachers of study, media evaluation by students, and pretest and posttest questions. Research findings obtained: first: the analysis phase. Student needs analysis on learning media, second: design stage, making of media design that is storyboard, third: development stage, manufacture of media product, in form of typing and revision from experts, fourth: implementation phase, product trial, fifth: evaluation phase, based on questionnaires of media experts, materials, teachers and students can be concluded that the learning media has decent criteria. Result of research that, 1) The development of instructional media based on adobe flash CS3 program on economic and business introduction subject, done systematically by fulfilling the development model of ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). 2) Learning media based on CS3 developed adobe flash program is feasible to be used and can improve the effectiveness of student learning on economic and business introduction subjects. From result of validation test of instructional media conclude: 1) expert validation result that is validation of content or material obtained by 87% very decent category, 2) result of media expert validation obtained by 85% decent category, 3) result of teacher study field is obtained equal to 88 % category is very feasible, and 4) the results of the assessment of the students obtained by 90% very feasible category. Development of instructional media of adobe flash program is done systematic model of ADDIE and Development of learning media can improve result of learning post-test result is 73%.

Most public pre-school centres in Kenya have stalled educational programmes marked by irregular and delay of teachers’ salaries, inconsistent feeding programmes, poor physical infrastructure and unclear educational policy guidelines. Therefore it is clear that financial management strategies are crucial for efficiency to be realized in finances in Pre-school centres. This study was guided by the following objectives: To establish existing planning strategies in the financing public pre-school education and to examine alternative planning strategies for financing public pre-school education in Eldoret East Sub-County. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study targeted 1 sub-county education officers, 174 Head Teachers, 174 Pre-school teachers and 174 SMC chairpersons in the Eldoret East Sub- County. It used a purposive sampling for the 1 sub-County educational officers and simple random sampling for the 52 Head Teachers, 52 Pre-school teachers, 52 and 52 SMC chairpersons. The researcher used questionnaires and interview. Data was presented using tables and figures. The study findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between planning strategies employed and financing public pre-school education. The study recommends that there is need for Pre-school management committee to plan for resources early enough before spending to curb waste.

Teacher’s instructional materials and Educational Physical facilities are key inputs required to accelerate effective learning. The Government of Kenya sets aside a considerable amount for capital investment, this is through teacher training and remuneration.This study established the teachers’ work load in public primary school for global Competitiveness and also determined the impact of FPE funds on resource improvement in public primary schools.The study was anchored on educational production function theory. Descriptive Survey Design was adopted which utilized the questionnaire, interview schedule and document analysis to gather information from a sample of 920 respondents from 40 schools who took part in the research. The Study used Stratified proportionate sampling, simple random sampling, systematic sampling and purposive sampling procedures to select the sample for the study. Data was analysed descriptively using output from SPSS version 17.0 in terms of; Frequency distribution tables, mean, standard deviation and percentage distribution techniques to establish the variations in independent and dependent variables. The findings of this study established that overcrowded classes, heavy workload, insufficient toilets and inadequate provision of physical facilities hampered the efforts by teachers to provide quality education in Kenya. This study recommends that provision of teacher proficiency courses should be streamlined and accelerated, teacher distribution should be balanced in the district for maximum utilisation of the teacher resource, existing facilities be expanded to gather for the influx of pupils and the teaching/learning resources in schools be utilized to the maximum.

In the light on the new recent mobility - driven by ongoing and forced migration, resulting from political instability, and economic and social problems, many social efforts have been made in order to integrate these new arrivals and therefore ensure a social cohesion. Educationally, many conferences and seminars were held in order to help teachers promote a good learning atmosphere among the new arrival of learners who bring multiple languages and mobile experiences into the classroom. As far as language teaching is concerned, language teachers have been given a noble and a social, but huge, responsibility to help solving social problems. However, the question that may impose itself today is that do foreign language teachers take sufficient training programmes to meet the new needs and fulfill such roles? What teaching training programmes are being undertaken by foreign language teachers? It is argued that teachers’ roles have always been didactical – instructor, facilitator, integrator, designer, etc. However, based on the new responsibilities assigned to language teachers, their teaching training programmes should be reconsidered. Our main goal in this work is to stress the need for practical teaching training that suits the multilingual classrooms, in which the foreign language teacher does not act only as an instructor, but also as a social assistant whose responsibility is to help solving the social problems.

This study was done in Arusha Municipality to find out relationship between Christian Parenting and Employment in SDA perspective. Objectives which guided this study were; to investigate the problems of Christian parenting in SDA Church perspective in Arusha municipality, to find out ways in which parents will balance Christian parenting and employment in SDA perspective in Arusha municipality and to recommend a model of a better balance of employment and Christian parenting in SDA perspective in Arusha municipality. The study employed qualitative approach which dealt with perspectives and believes of SDA believers on how they view relationship between Christian parenting and employment. Five Pastors from Arusha municipality, five Lectures from the University of Arusha, 25 church elders and church member from five SDA churches in Arusha municipality were purposive selected to represent other DSAs in Arusha municipality in regard to this topic. Findings showed that Christian parenting and employment are related and parents are not supposed to ignore employment because of situation analysis of the contemporary world; moreover they are not supposed to overlook parenting responsibilities because of the busy world of employment, both are needed in the family cycle. Therefore parents should balance by establishing self employment, or mothers may retire from work during first eight years of their children and also mothers may look for employment after eight years of their children.

This study draws on online focus group discussions made up of convenience sample of five businesses and face-to-face focus group discussions with fourteen participants randomly selected from university students in different faculties/departments at Delta State University, Abraka to explore the utilization of Instagram in Nigeria. Data were obtained differently through online response to questions from business operators via e-mail and direct interaction with participants through questions and answers sessions, and responses to the questions were coded by hand, and analyses using comparative method to determine majority and non- majority opinions to each question. The results yielded demographic picture of Instagram users serving as potential influence on the platform usability. Furthermore, the results indicates that Instagram is offering a new dimension in business advertisement and marketing of products to consumers, and photos and live videos as communication strategies, reflective of the semiotics principles The results noted that Instagram is creating a new life of sociability, and of selfpresentation and selfies as contemporary social behaviour with posting /selfportrait photos and live videos as identity marker and self-performance The study discussed the limitations relating to Instagram use and provide suggestions for further investigation to determine the impact of Instagram in Nigeria. The author concluded that the study has contributed to the advancement of literature in Instagram functionalities and social media research.

The government work report is a kind of style with Chinese characters of language expression. Therefore, when translating it, the translator must first understand the source language’s expression and analyze the discourse in order to make effective language conversion. Cohesion is one of the important methods of discourse analysis. In this paper, the author, taking 2017 government work report as an example, analyzes the application of discourse cohesion in government work report, emphasizing the importance of cultivating the ability of intralingual understanding and the awareness of cohesion in the process of Chinese to English Translation.

India, near to fertility transition, received a large demographic dividend which has already started. At present more than 64% „economically active‟ people live in India, popularly known as „demographic dividend‟. In near future „window of opportunity‟ will convert to „burden‟ due to increasing percentage share of elderly population in demographic architecture. India will enjoy the demographic dividend for next twenty five to thirty years. So augmentation of job in industrial economy and skill development programme should be prime focus. In this regard “Coordinated Action on Skill Development” with three-tier institutional structure is an important Governmental initiative since eleventh five year plan. Unfortunately the scheme failed to fulfill its training target each and every year and the people are less interested because after completion of successful training employment is not guaranteed. Above all the industrial growth is the key of succession. Government should review industrial policy and emphasized on manufacturing industries. Small and medium scale industries should encourage in small urban centers and in country side. Otherwise 64 percent economically active population will not be considered as dividend.

The overall goal of the Pre-school (Early Childhood Education Development) investment programme is to enhance access, equity and quality of education for all Kenyan children aged 3-5 years, especially the most vulnerable living in ASALs, urban slums and pockets of poverty. The importance of Preschool Education includes development of mental functions of children in areas such as language, motor skills, psychosocial, cognitive and learning. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of learning resources in public pre- schools pupil enrolment in Kenya. The study target population was 45 Head teachers, 91 Teachers and one DICECE Programme officer. Simple random sampling, stratified and purposive sampling technique were used in choosing the sample size in Eldoret East Sub-County, Kenya. The data of the study was collected using questionnaires and checklist. The obtained data was analyzed using thematic approach, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and Simple linear regression. The findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between learning resources and pupil enrolment level this implies that with every unit increase in physical infrastructure there is increase in the enrolment level. It is recommends that the ministry of education should establish community related factors and psychosocial factors across the pre-school education sector. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be of great importance to policy makers on understanding the best strategies that will promote efficacies in the administration of Pre-School Education.

This study was conducted to understand the influence of the common food storage and environmental practices affecting the dimensions of the food security of the people in Adjumani district. The study covered a sample of 150 respondents who are farmers and the data were collected through a questionnaire and personal interview using both probability and non-probability sampling technique. Designing field data recording sheets was done before data collection and data collection was done with appropriate quality control. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Scientists. The results indicated that the people of Ciforo sub- county, Adjumani district have poor food storage system where the majority 73% (see table 1) store their food reserve in the huts in which they sleep forcing them to sell off the food reserve and the majority 58% of the farmers produce less than 1 ton of food per year on average (See table 3). This indicates that the farmers have poor food levels where the average majority 61.67% of the respondents disagreed that their households have food availability, food stability, ability to access and utilize appropriate levels of food in their households from April to June every year (see table 2). Based on these findings the study recommended that sensitization of the community about poor storage facilities leading to post harvest losses affecting food levels. Government should also enact laws and policies at national level to make agriculture attractive to farmers by revamping cooperatives that should provide support for post-harvest management.

Resilience is the process by which one is capable of managing stress or trauma. The young adult individuals have their own capacities that they use to deal with obstacles and their problems and eventually to go on with their lives. Resilience can be most useful in traumatic situations like parental death. This paper studies the literature to understand the effects that parental death causes on early adult population and the different sources that help an individual in being resilient. Parental death has seen to cause various effects like decreased competency, depressive symptoms, low psychological well-being, increased binge eating, etc. among individuals. Supporting others, using our strengths, family support, coping styles have been found in various studies as important factors in being resilient. Thus it is necessary to study, find out and make available to the aforementioned vulnerable population, especially in India the different activities, factors or techniques of building resilience. This would help them overcome situations through understanding resilience as a protective factor.

This text proposes an analysis of the temporalities involved in voluntary depigmentation practices. The study took place in the district "Sokoura" of Bouaké city, Côte d'Ivoire in 2016. Semi-structured individual and focus group interviews were conducted with a variety of social actors: practitioners of depigmentation, non-practitioners, former practitioners, sellers and manufacturers of lightening products, pharmacists and dermatologists. Research shows that practitioners use specific methods of application of products, depending on time. Representation of body interacts with a representation of the toxicity of lightening products, which in turn contributes to the unequal mobilization of time by the user in his "body techniques".

This sociological research analysis was conducted during the year 2017 in the month of August to December. This study explored some factors in relation to alcohol & tobacco use among labourer class (from 18 years – below 50) age group. The present case study has been done on labour class working in the organized & unorganized sector and was carried out in an industrial town of Baddi, Himachal Pradesh which is known as the pharmaceutical capital of India. This study was focused on the socio-economic implication of alcohol & tobacco on the life of industrial worker’s family. The purposive sampling was used to decide the samples and three case studies were carried out with the help of some focused group discussion conducted with the community members. The target population was the user (both alcohol & tobacco) & one of the family members residing with him/her. This involved purposively chosen families who narrated the stories about alcohol & tobacco and it’s harmfully impacts on them. These families helped the researcher to observe some qualitative findings based on these two intoxicants. The present result suggested that socio-cultural, religion-custom, beliefs factors played an important role in context with alcohol & tobacco consumption. This affects the marriage stability, emotional well-being of the child, user’s behaviour, misuse of these two intoxicants.

This work explores the nature and origins of Haitian epistemology, the lens through which Haitians consciously and unconsciously come to know, interpret, and make sense of the known and unknown world around them, and its aesthetics. The article posits that Haitian epistemology, Haitian/Vilokan Idealism, is a transcendental idealist and realist philosophy/epistemology that developed out of the demystification and ever-increasing rationalization of the African (spiritual) worldview (Vilokan/Vodou) of the majority of the inhabitants of the island, and its aesthetics is grounded in the distinction between the noumenal world of Vilokan and the phenomenal one of lived-experience and their dialectical interaction.