The main practitioner of indigenous healing and cure depends from culture to culture. Among most of the tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, the shaman/priest is the main functionary. The priest is the centre of indigenous rite, rituals and social memory. Indigenous healing systems face challenges from multiple fronts in the contemporary world. This article is devoted to portray a short sketch of a priest (Nyibb) who belongs to Galo tribe of Arunachal Pradesh. Through the lived experiences of the priest, a brief exposition of the contemporary relevance of indigenous system of cure and healing through rituals and religion in general is made.

This study is set out to present a syntactic analysis of ambiguous structures the headlines of political news reports in selected newspapers in Nigeria. The analysis aims at presenting what could be described as linguistic features of the ambiguous structures and as well determining the causes of the ambiguities. A total number of ten ambiguous structures taken from selected newspapers were analysed syntactically using the theory and sub theories of X-Bar syntax. An attempt is also made to categorize and characterise the ambiguities into types as revealed by the theory of syntax used. It was found out that most of the ambiguous structures were made ambiguous through the deletion or omission of certain sentential elements. The study concludes that, ambiguity, though a linguistic phenomenon, could be used deliberately and creatively by a writer as an instrument of humour and aesthetics in language use.

The need to communicate with the other members of the society for different purposes leaded to the need to learn a foreign language, a second language. Thus the people who spoke two or more languages have more access on communication. The easy way to communicate that was as the result of knowing a foreign language, had a lot of advantages in every field of life. Nowadays speaking and writing another language is more than a necessity. The following paper treat the effectiveness of bilingual education as a theoretical concept, how help the young learners and the benefit in the Albanian education system. The Albanian education system now days have changed and these are reflected even in accepting and entering a foreign language to the school system. Classes have pupils/ learners of different background and teachers use several methods and programs. According to the level of the classes there are used different programs.

A Rohingya young boy with the diplomat magazine 2014, named Mohammad rafique said that Burmese view to them simply, as ―animals,‖ ―nonhuman‖ or ―aliens.‖ Many inflammatory Burmese politicians and authors refer to the Rohingya as a ―virus.‖ Ordinary Burmese people view us as ―Illegal Bengali‖. Actually there have been decades of propaganda and brainwashing of the general public against Rohingya by various government and non-government organizations. History witnesses that they are being persecuted long after day by Burmese military. Rohingya often faces deadly discrimination since 1962. The Myanmar government treats with them as a ugly animals. Despite world authority‘s evocation, they are driving persecution bulldozer on Rohingya minor community. Recently united nation has defined this killing as a textbook example of ethnic cleansing. Whatever, this paper focuses the conflict and Massacre which is running on Rohingya Muslims community. It also examines the origin and emergence of this crisis and current situation of Rohingya dearth. It discuss about ongoing military campaign against Rohingya ethnic community. This paper illustrates how Myanmar government implicating ethnic cleansing day after day .It also analyzes international response to protect Rohingya Muslims .This paper describe major clash between Myanmar and Rohingya group since 1962.

Management uses strategic concepts to make the allocation of resources more effective in achieving educational goals. The process that plays an important role in determining strategic objectives is developed by various conflictive forces from within and outside. Like STAI Chairman Ibnu Sina, lecturers, stakeholders, students, parents, campus supply providers, central and provincial governments, municipalities and social groups are paying attention to campus programs. Educational institutions need to identify competitors' strategies, objectives, strengths, weaknesses, and patterns of reaction, they also need to know how to design effective information systems.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of gender and nationality of 9th and 10th grade students in public and private schools of India, Pakistan and Zimbabwe on their achievement in mathematics based upon achievement data (n=5996) for session 2012-2013 which was gathered manually in 2013 from the participated schools of all the countries (India, Pakistan & Zimbabwe) where each country contributed 2000 sample of students collected from 20 schools and data of four students from Zimbabwe was lost, so total sample of the study was 5996 students. The influence of public and private schools was also examined on students’ achievement for the total sample. Data was analyzed by using t-test, analysis of variance and results of the study indicated that significant differences existed on the mathematics achievement of public and private school students of all the three countries and private school students achieved better in mathematics than public school students indicating private school students still achieve better than students of public schools. Besides, male and female students in public and private schools of each country achieved equal in mathematics indicating no gender disparity even in public and private schools which provides new insight that male and female students achieve equal in public schools as well as in private schools, although, private school students achieve more scores in mathematics than public school students. In addition, analysis of variance indicated that Indian public school and private school students achieve more than students of other two countries. Indian male students of public schools achieved more than public school students of Pakistan and Zimbabwe. Similarly, performance of Indian female students of public schools in mathematics was better than Pakistan and Zimbabwe public school students. Furthermore, both male and female students of private schools of India achieved better in mathematics than male and female private school students of Pakistan and Zimbabwe. Findings show that there was no gender disparity in public and private schools of the examined countries while nationality had significant effect on mathematics achievement of students as Indian students achieved highest in public and private schools than students of other two countries.

Islamic political thought has remained the most contentious subject from the 7th century C.E. of Islamic civilisation. The thought witnessed the diverse interpretations throughout the ages. During Medieval Islamic history hereditary succession, decline in spirituality, and alien influences in socio-political thought and cultural affairs of Muslims obliged Muslim political thinkers to come forward in order to present an appropriate political thought of Islam in their respective ages, so that the legacy of Islam would be maintained.

The industrial revolution is explained in many different ways. It is explained as a rapid growth of the manufacturing industry, it is explained as the structural shift in the economy, the shift in which large population moved away from agriculture sector to the mining and manufacturing sector between mideighteenth and mid-nineteenth centuries. One other explanation is that industrial revolution is something where there was a continuous advancement in the national income. There were two industrial revolutions, first industrial revolution stayed from late eighteenth century to early nineteenth century. Then after 1825, the pace of the path-breaking inventions slowed down which marked the end of the first industrial revolution. The major technological developments again picked up in the late nineteenth century which led to the second industrial revolution. In this paper, major technological differences and differences in terms of banking and financing of firms between first and second industrial revolution were analyzed. It was concluded that technological developments like the invention of power loom and stream engine and improvement in the technology of iron making became the major reason behind the first industrial revolution. Technological developments in the industries of gas lightning, chemicals, glass making, transport machine and the paper machine played a major role the second industrial revolution. During the first industrial revolution increase in the number of country banks, the increased network of the joint and country banks and the coming of Bill-workers changed the banking and financing of firms. During second industrial revolution emergence of clearing banks and cheques, declining of bills and the institutions in which people could deposit their savings emerged which revolutionized the banking and financing of firms.

The purpose of this study is to identify and find community participation in education which is part of effective school management implementation through leadership of principal in making effective school in Jambi Province. Effective school management describes schools that have good, transparent and accountable management that are able to empower all school components to effectively achieve school goals. The research methodology used is descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques using observation, interview and documentation. For validity technique of data using triangulation in three research locations, Senior High School 1 Jambi City, Senior High School 1 Bungo and Senior High School 1 Merangin The results research of the study are: (1) effective school management at three high schools in Jambi Province (Senior High School 1 Kota Jambi, Senior High School 1 Bungo and Senior High School 1 Merangin) has been implemented through management function, (2) of the three schools, its found that the community participation to support of effective school at Senior High School 1 Jambi city is relatively low, (3) community participation at the three schools is evident, in which they successfully achieve the educational objectives and targets that have been established with the involvement of school committees and stakeholders. The conclusion of this study is that the minimum level of community participation at schools seems to be the result of unclear procedures of school committee recruitment. In most cases, the members of school committees are on the basis of familiarity and popularity. In addition, poor communication between school committees and school as well as unclear roles and responsibility contribute to the low level of community participation in education.

Zainab’ novel written by Al- Haikal was the first novel in modern Egyptian literature. The theme tells about women's freedom from the shackles of life traditions. Similar theme is found in Faridah Hanom‟s novel which is Malaysia's first novel, by Syed Syeikh al-Hadi. The plot of Faridah Hanom revolves around the above issue which takes the backdrop of Cairo and its surroundings. The current study aims to identify the similarities between Zainab's novel and Faridah Hanom's novel in terms of themes, characters, plots and backgrounds. The comparison and analysis carried out between the two novels clearly indicate that there are similarities in the selection of themes, characters, plot construction structures and depicted background images. The main theme of both novels is freedom of women from the grip of tradition that does not allow women the right to go out to work, to study and to choose a life partner. Both characters are similarly played by female characters and assisted by male characters. The only difference is the number of angles. From the point of the plot, both revolve around the love relationship between two teenagers as a result of love at first sight. The similarity of background, however, can be seen through the plots that occur in the Egyptian states, the cities of Alexandria and Sudan. In addition, the novels portray the village cultural lives. This equivalences show that the Zainab‟s novel has influenced the creation of Faridah Hanom's novel through adaptation form.

Access and use to the right kind of information and possession of correct and relevant information resolves various problems faced by individuals in the slum and also helps them in decision making. Limited access to the right information at the right time deprives the slum dwellers the right to development. The information needs of the slum dwellers are not adequately identified and therefore the limited information resources they access and use are usually based on the assumption of information provided, through the public, from among themselves, NGOs, CBOs, the churches and the private sector. Therefore the aim of the study was to evaluate access and use of community information services to Kibera slum dwellers and to suggest the ways in which these services could be enhanced. Examine Information seeking habits of the slum dwellers in Kibera i. Assess the existing information resources and services ii. Establish the extent to which information resources and services meet user needs iii. Identify the format in which information is repackaged iv. Find out Challenges faced by accessing and using of information v. Suggest how access of information services by slum dwellers can be enhanced The major findings of the study were that Kibera slum dwellers faced various challenges which include high cost of information materials, Poor knowledge of existing information resources, poor marketing of information, lack of internet access, distance, language barrier, inadequate and outdated information sources that inhibited effective access and use of information. Recommendations were made based on the research findings.

Today, Kenya Government is pursuing Vision 2030. Kenya Vision 2030 is the country’s new development blueprint covering the period 2008 to 2030. It aims to transform Kenya into a newly industrializing, “middle-income country aims to ensure gender equity in power and resource distribution and increase participation of women in all economic, social and political decision making process. Further more education may also contribute to raising the quality of the labour force and hence increased productivity within a lifespan. The purpose of the study was to carry out an in-depth analysis on performance of women with that of men in relation to equity to University learning resources. Second to examine alternative strategic plans for enhance university student performance in science, mathematics and technology programmes. The theory used in this study was Liberal feminism. It is rooted in the tradition of 16th- and 17th-century liberal philosophy, which focused on the ideals of equality and liberty. The research design used in this study is ex post facto. The study was carried out in 3 Kenyan public and 3 private universities. Chi-square statistical test was used to establish relationships and variable traits while themes were derived from narrative data. The findings of this study revealed that in lower levels of education tier boys outdo girls in SMTs in terms of performance. However, at university level, men and women perform equally well. Contrary to general misconception that transition of women is not at same the rate as men, the study has shown that the difference is insignificant. The study has also established that there is no correlation between gender and preference of SMT programmes at university level. Government should set aside lots of capital to equip the SMTs facilities at all the universities.

Globalization nowaday is not only a trend but has become the flow that attracts all nations, gradually breaks the restless or more closure of these systems and will turn them into the part systems open completely that become the attached modules and mutual dependencies within a system of allocation of labor and the global market. One of the reasons that have a strong impact on the development of ASEAN is the origin of the cultural identity of the region. The first side of globalization process is an important factor contributing to the development of the ASEAN region strong; on the other hand, it also impacts on the cultural identity of the area. Acculturation Southeast Asian countries creat the ASEAN cultural identity, and promotes the interests of the countries of Southeast Asia.

In this paper, I argue that there is clear evidence of neglect of higher education in post-independent South Sudan. The study, therefore, interrogates the scope of the higher education crisis in the country and assesses prospects for change from the standpoint of equity and quality using institutionalism as a theoretical framework. The study points out that the crisis of the system runs through the tapestry of South Sudan’s history of state formation against which the variable of nation-building at the dawn of Independence in 2011 has failed to assign adequate value for higher education in the pursuit of the objectives of national transformation in particular, and modernisation in general. It remains to be seen if the political leadership and the academic community could define the payload of South Sudan’s higher education system as the country transitions into a constitutional democracy capable of according greater autonomy and initiative to its universities; and revisiting the whole gamut of post-secondary education in order to render it more responsive to addressing the needs of society, particularly in non-academic streams of learning. Besides the historical and institutional challenges, the higher education system of South Sudan must expedite its internationalisation as its formative years wane out. The fundamental requirement is for its competent and dynamic scholars to lead a spirited dialogue and concerted action that should not be broken off by recurrent political violence. This is a must if South Sudan is to stand on the cusp of real transformation in its higher education landscape.

One of the most worrying issues around the world has been and remains the growth of criminality. Faced with the principle of territorial sovereignty, states were unable to prosecute persons who were already in the jurisdiction of another state. The only option was the application of the principle of territoriality which allowed States to apply their criminal legislation for offenses committed within that territory irrespective of the nationality of the author. Faced with such a situation, the states were more than aware that there was a need for international co-operation to put the perpetrators accountable. The interest to cooperate in this area emerged early after World War I and this cooperation became concrete after World War II. Initially as a co-operation to condemn war crimes and then other crimes. International criminal policies for combating and preventing criminality of criminal offenses have been numerous, but due to the increase of cross-border criminality, the practical implementation of these policies has become difficult. To avoid this, the states began to cooperate with each other through bilateral agreements in the criminal field. International co-operation dates back to mid-century. XVIII with the First Mutual Assistance Treaty between Italy and Monaco, which was later followed by other bilateral and tripartite treaties, mainly in the area of extradition. In addition to the extradition there was another disturbing problem, the punishment twice for the same offense as the perpetrator was punished by the state where he committed the basic crime of the principle of territoriality and by the state whose nationality he was based on the principle of active personality. Here was the cooperation for the recognition of foreign court decisions. The lines of cooperation in the field of the power of foreign court decisions date later than the extradition, the most important conventions that reflect this co-operation are: the European Convention on the International Validity of Judgments of Criminal Matters of 1970 and the Convention on Transfer Of prisoners with deprivation of liberty. "1983. In Albania, the beginnings of international cooperation in the criminal field are evidenced around 1925 with the adoption of the First Criminal Code.

Debates about the role and relevance of international law in contemporary world have acquired new intensity in light of the U.S. coalition's decision to invade Iraq in March 2003 without a clear legal basis or even exhausting a diplomatic solution. Some have interpreted the lack of compliance in this case as proof of irrelevance of the U.N. Charter use of force paradigm. Motivated by certain debates, this paper takes a deeper look at how international law regulates the military action on the use of force operates in the broader context of international politics and in what ways it may affect political processes and outcomes in this highly sensitive area. Integrating and building on different perspectives, the first part of the paper explores the effect of using military action on Iraq. The second part then examines the role of international relations in the processes of shaping, justifying and evaluating the diplomatic solutions before using military actions. Eventually, this paper confirms that international law on regulating military action plays a significant role in contemporary international relations.

The importance of soil resources to attain sustainability in crop production, eco-development and protection of environment is an established fact. Management of soil on a scientific basis is essential for sustained and increased agricultural production, on this prime perspective a study on physiochemical characters of soils has been conducted in the Talapilli Taluk of Thrissur District, India. Talapilli is the agricultural dominant area in the District and hence the study help in more understanding of the quality of the soil for proper management practices in agriculture and other sectors as well. The physiochemical characters analyzed in the study are texture, soil depth, slope, erosion, pH, electrical conductivity, primary nutrients like available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and secondary nutrients like magnesium and sulphur. The result indicates that Talapilli has gravelly clay loam and gravelly sandy clay loam soils in higher proportion having moderate to deep soil depth with moderate slope and less to moderate intensity of erosion. As far as chemical composition is concerned in Talapilli Taluk major proportion of soil has pH ranges from 5.1 to 6, that which shows the acidic nature of the soil. The nutrient status is appreciably good in the Taluk except few places in the Taluk that is in the centre, north and northeast of the Taluk. To consider the nutrients in specific available nitrogen and potassium is medium in the Taluk among primary nutrients and magnesium is low and sulphur is high among secondary nutrients.

Effective communication is a fundamental requirement for any effective strategic plan implementation; organizational communication plays an important role in training, knowledge acquisition and retention during the process of strategic plan implementation. This study examined dynamics of information communication technology on implementation of strategic plans in public secondary schools in Kenya. The study was anchored on goal setting theory. The study was guided by a mixed method Research design. The study sample comprised of 9 sub-county education officials, 85 chairs Board of management, 85 principals and 85 senior teachers. The study employed both probability and nonprobability sampling designs. Quantitative data was collected through questionnaire while qualitative data using interview. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive, for inferential statistics was through theme and narration. The findings of this study revealed that information communication technology have a significant relationship on implementation of strategic plan in public secondary schools. The study concluded that information communication technology is an essential requires all levels, and all functions in the school should be generated through communication, involvement and commitment of people in school The study recommended that the management on public secondary schools should consider adopting training programmes during strategic plans implementation, this will help the institutions to gather valuable information that will provide valuable insights in the strategic plans implementation. This study will be useful in formulating and developing network that would enable the schools to improve on strategic planning process.