Statistics on enrolment indicates that, Kenya is experiencing class repetition in primary school education despite the gains earlier made associated with universal access to primary school education. The practice increases the possibility of the pupil to drop out of school. The purpose of this study was to investigate head teachers’ transformational leadership intervention strategies on class repetition in primary school education in Kenya. The study was guided by Self-Efficacy theory developed by Bandura Albert and pragmatism philosophy and conducted in Uasin Gishu County in Kenya. The study found out that, pupil academic performance, curriculum instruction, school culture and dynamic leadership are important intervention strategies related to head teachers’ transformational leadership that have an influence on class repetition. The study recommends a further study on a situational analysis of transformational leadership training as a new management strategy in primary schools in the 21st century in the country.

The regional human capital trend is scrutinized in this article relying on indicators of the cultural and intellectual potential based on the statistical data of Primorsky krai region. Additionally, the effect of migration processes on the labor potential is deliberated, just as the budgetary and fiscal stimulation of human capital inflow is considered at an angle of the regional labor potential increase.

Throughout the world, the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is changing the face of education. This paper is a report of a study that was carried out in the months of May and June 2016 on the availability of resources and facilities for ICT integration in the public primary school curriculum in Kitui County in Kenya. The research purpose and objective of the study was: To find out the availability of resources and facilities for ICT integration in the public primary school curriculum in Kitui County. This study was guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). It was informed by the pragmatic philosophy and the Mixed Method (MM) research approach. Data was collected from 388 public primary schools in Kitui County selected through stratified and simple random sampling methods. A total of 388 head teachers and 776 teachers participated in the study giving a total of 1114 respondents. The research instruments used were questionnaires for teachers, interview schedules for head teachers and observation checklists. The data collected was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings revealed that most of the schools were connected to electricity but lacked ICT resources such as desk computers, whiteboards, CD-ROMs and anti-viruses. Laptops were available in some of the schools but were not being used by teachers in direct instruction. They were mainly used in the storage of school records, teacher plans, examination questions and for examination registration exercises. Another finding was lack of internet connectivity in most of the schools that affected ICT integration in the curriculum. The study recommended that the education stakeholders and the government should partner in provision of ICT resources and facilities to facilitate integration of ICT in schools. It is hoped that this study will be useful in education policy making on ICT integration in schools in Kenya and other parts of the world.

A fundamental tension exists today between the increasing willingness of States to participate in international efforts to protect fundamental human rights, and their desire to retain control over internal laws and procedures. The Refugee Convention provides international protection to individuals fleeing persecution in their countries of origin. This paper argues that the degrading and discriminating treatment of refugees with mental disabilities in certain countries constitutes the violation of the international protection. Furthermore, it argues that the language of the Refugee Convention and recent developments in case law relating to the scope of the "particular social group" category support the right of individuals with disabilities to seek international protection if they fear being persecuted on account of their particular mental disability. As a result, individuals who fear such treatment for reasons of their mental disability should be entitled to refugee protection. People with mental disabilities constitute a "social group," those who have a "wellfounded fear of persecution" on account of their mental disability should qualify for refugee status. In addition, I address the concerns of those in opposition to the granting of refugee protection to the mentally disabled. I argue that the numerous elements that an applicant must establish in order to be granted refugee status prevents the granting of protection to those who do not genuinely face a "well-founded fear of persecution."

Code-switching (CS), as a phenomenon of language contact, has aroused great attention from various fields. Researchers do studies on code-switching from different perspectives like the sociolinguistic, grammatical, psycholinguistic perspectives and conversation analysis perspective, etc. This thesis based on Verschueren’s Adaptation Theory and Yu Guodong’s Adaption Model studies exact ads in order to summarize the reasons and features of EnglishChinese code-switching. Through analysis, it can be found that CS as a pragmatic strategy in advertising discourse can provide microscopic view of language inner structure for the purpose of adaptation to linguistic reality, social rules and wishes of audience. Therefore, this adaption can help advertiser to better carry out publicity and code-switching can truly become an effective advertising strategy.

The word “Almajiri” is a Hausa language is derived from Arabic “Al-Muhajir” Any one of the early Muslims who had migrated from any place to Madinah during the life time of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), before the conquest of Mecca, and also the one who refrains from all things forbidden by Allah. Muhajirun the plural form of the word means: the emigrants. A term used for all those who migrated with their Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Makkah to Madinah. Both words i.e. the singular and the plural were driven from the word “Hajarah” which means to flee one‟s country, to migrate, to emigrate. In Quran: He who flees his country in the path of Allah‟s religion (Q4:100).

Job satisfaction in performing the task is important for the performance and productivity of a person. This study aims to analyze the influence of school’s principal leadership and school culture on teacher’s job satisfaction at the State Islamic Senior High School in Jambi Province. This research uses quantitative research method with path analysis technique, that is R Square analysis, partial hypothesis test with t test and simultaneously with F test, with alpha 5% (0,05). The total population are 890 teachers and 260 teachers as sample with using them as sample of area. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 20.0 software. The result of this research has shown that the school’s principal and school culture had a significant effect on teacher's job satisfaction either partially or simultaneously.