The rate of hunger in oil rich African States specifically Nigeria is becoming so alarming despite the huge wealth generated over the years. There seemed to be a mismatch between government policies, rising population and food security. The prices of food items have been rising since 2000, triples in 2008 and reached unbearable limit in 2023 and 2024. Food scarcity is a significant problem to the masses whose capacity to buy food is hindered by poor wages and food marketing cartels that control the force of food demand and supply. On the other hand, peasant farmers have lost interest in farming because of unfavourable conditions like high cost of farm input, human invaders, microbial invaders as well as pest. The issue of hunger has attracted palliative from federal government, private donors and international agencies. Policy analysts are dissatisfied with the notion of palliative-hunger alleviation strategy being that it acts as a first aid treatment rather than a cure. The study adopted both primary and secondary data primarily using CBN bulletin, online materials and interview. Key informant interview was carried out using officials from NIMETS, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Power and Energy, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs. Sixty (60) interviewees were purposively selected and the criteria was based on their depth of knowledge in their various fields of endeavour. The study delves into understanding how hunger became a chronic ailment in an oil rich Sub-Saharan African giant. In the study, historical framework of hunger was established, the reasons for persistent hunger despite intervention as well as key hunger alleviation programmes were discussed. It was revealed that several factors are responsible for hunger ranging from climate, environmental hazard, unsuitable policies, high electricity tariff and petrol prices, exchange rate fluctuation, global oil price shock, insecurity, poor social welfare structure, low motivation to farming, over-riding number of consumers than producers and government commitment to food production and value-added services. In the study, food crises in Nigeria began from the 21st century precisely year 2000 when the price of petrol, exchange rate and global oil price rose uncontrollable and peaked between 2023 and 2024 resulting to series of hunger protest and strike across different labour unions in the country. Given this, it was recommended that holistic, people-centred and multi-sectorial approach to hunger reduction be employed against the conventional methods characterised by imposition of failing policies for the masses.

This study was undertaken to comparatively investigate groundwater quality in Uyo capital city from private and public boreholes in order to ascertain if there are variations in quality. Four objectives were used in the study using both experimental and survey methodology. The flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to analyze the level of chemical concentration in the borehole water samples. A total of fourteen (14) groundwater samples were collected from 7 commercial boreholes located at Nwaniba Road, Aka Road by Udo Udoma, Oron Road, Ikpa Road by CCC, Abak Road, Mbierebe Junction and Ikot Ambang and 7 private boreholes located at Water Board Itam, Water Board Oron Road, Nwaniba Road close to Water Fountain, Champion Brewery, Redeemed Church close to Dumpsite Uyo Village Road (Ikpa Road), Abak Road and Mbierebe Junction. The groundwater samples were analyzed in the laboratory for their chemical and microbiological characteristics. On comparing the results with standard values recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), it was discovered that some of the groundwater samples had parameters that were within the permissible limits with slight variation across the different locations. While also, there were parameters that did not meet up with the permissible limit set by the World Health Organization. For instance, the pH of the groundwater samples was not within the permissible limit of 6.50mg/l-8.50mg/l in six (6) different locations of the commercial boreholes which are Oron road, Nwaniba road, Aka road, Ikpa road, Abak road, Ikot Mbang with values of 5.3, 6.3, 4.5, 5.9, 5.1, 5, 7 respectively. While, the pH in the private boreholes was not within the permissible limit in five (5) different locations which are Water board Itam, Nwaniba road, Champion brewery, Ikpa road, Abak road with values of 4.31, 4.98, 6.1, 5.53, 6.21 respectively. Several other parameters also got slight differences. The study found out that the groundwater of the study area is not devoid of contaminants, be it from the private or commercial borehole and as such both requires treatment. The study recommends continuous monitoring of the groundwater supply to keep the quality in check.

This study offers a new model (a five by four matrix) to analyze an imaginary left-right division Israel. By analyzing the historical evolution of the Zionist ideology to four core issues (territory, religion, economy, and the attitude towards non-Jews), the main findings are that there is no real difference between them in any of the issues. In practice, they also behaved similarly, almost identically, in each of these issues. The main conclusion of the article is that in Israel there exists an imaginary rift between the right and the left that serves political parties and produces a social rift.

Organizational culture is an important element for a company. Habits are created because of the communication that occurs between employees. Every employee should have the motivation to work. However, in reality, quite a few employees lose direction when doing their work. Therefore, the problem in this research is whether organizational culture and work motivation influence employee performance, either partially or simultaneously. This research aims to analyze the influence of organizational culture and work motivation on employee performance at NCTA partially and simultaneously. The population in this study were all NCTA employees, especially the general bureau, while the sample was obtained using the Slovin formula, 63 people. The data analysis method used is the descriptive percentage analysis method, multiple linear regression analysis method with partial test hypothesis testing (t), simultaneous test (F), and coefficient of determination. The conclusion obtained is that organizational culture and work motivation have a partial positive and significant influence on employee performance. Simultaneously, it can also be concluded that organizational culture and work motivation have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. This research also states that organizational culture and work motivation influence employee performance simultaneously by 52.3%.

This study attempted to revalidate the Keynes Absolute Income Hypothesis among households in Choba Community in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area in Rivers State. This was done by examining the consumption expenditure pattern of clothing in households and communication. The study adopted the cross-sectional survey design with an estimated population of 48,081 inhabitants of Choba community. The sample size consisted of 100 samples drawn from the total population using the Taro Yamane technique. The data collected were analyzed via descriptive methods. The findings revealed that households' expenditure on communication is high in comparison to their expenditure on clothing. Communication expenditure, though less variable than clothing, emerged as a growing necessity for households. The study, therefore, recommends among others that the Government should strengthen fiscal and monetary policies to curb inflation and stabilize the naira.