Problem: Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) is increasingly acknowledged as vital for educational achievement, obstacles such as inadequate resources, poor teacher training, and the necessity for cultural adaptation impede its efficient execution in several educational environments. Purpose: The objective of this literature review is to examine the fundamental elements of Social and Emotional Learning (SEL), its influence on academic achievement and emotional health, and the obstacles encountered in its development and execution within various educational settings. Methods: Methods: The study consolidates information from several studies, including meta-analyses, longitudinal research, and case studies, to evaluate the efficacy of SEL programs in enhancing student outcomes. It examines obstacles to effective implementation and ways for surmounting these hurdles, including improved teacher training and resource distribution. Results: Findings indicate that the five essential abilities of social-emotional learning—self-awareness, self-regulation, social awareness, responsible decision-making, and relationship skills—are vital for improving students’ academic achievement, emotional management, and interpersonal relationships. Research indicates that social-emotional learning enhances executive skills, including attention regulation and persistence, resulting in quantifiable academic improvements. Moreover, SEL promotes emotional well-being by alleviating worry, augmenting empathy, and strengthening resilience. Nonetheless, obstacles such as insufficient finance, teacher readiness, and the necessity for cultural adaptations persist in several schools, particularly in under-resourced districts. Conclusion: Although SEL programs have advantages in enhancing academic achievement and emotional well-being, surmounting implementation obstacles necessitates systemic backing, sufficient resources, and ongoing professional development for educators. Confronting these obstacles is essential for guaranteeing the continuous and efficient incorporation of SEL into educational systems.

This study examines the impact of local authorities on citizen participation in social and economic development in the Bamenda municipalities of Cameroon. The problem addressed is the limited mobilization of citizen involvement despite an established legal framework. The study aims to assess local authorities' roles as mobilizers and identify factors hindering effective participation. Utilizing a descriptive survey research design, data were collected from 400 residents and 80 council officials through standardized questionnaires. Analysis was conducted using Chi-Square tests to evaluate the significance of local authority mobilization on citizen engagement. Findings indicate a strong positive perception of local authorities' influence on social development, with 172 agreements and a Chi-Square value of 22.45. In contrast, economic development participation received 118 agreements and a Chi-Square value of 18.67, reflecting skepticism regarding local authority effectiveness. Despite some skepticism, a majority acknowledge the positive role of local authorities in fostering citizen involvement. The study recommends enhancing communication and engagement strategies to improve citizen participation in economic initiatives and addressing resource shortages in healthcare and education. By strengthening citizen engagement, local authorities can significantly contribute to sustainable development in Bamenda.

The present study investigates the teaching of the English language in some Chadian educational institutions of science and technology, with the aim of bringing out the specificities in the teaching and learning processes in the concerned institutions. The study is thus informed by Morley’s (2000) perspective on Halliday’s (1985) Systemic Functional Linguistics, and makes use of a quali-quantitative method. Informants randomly sampled from a population constituted of teachers, students and government officials were subjected to questionnaires as main research tool. The findings reveal that common teaching and learning practices in the institutions under inquiry rather fall under general English instead of ESP. Thus, need is to revisit syllabuses and teaching methods so as to meet the communicative needs of the learners.

Bangladesh is a Muslim dominated country. Many of the Muslims are practicing Muslims. Islam has influence on the life of Muslims and many aspects of women human rights are influenced by Islam. Marriages, divorce, maintenance of wife, inheritance are regulated by Islamic laws. Some other aspects are regulated by secular laws. Bangladesh is signatory to many International conventions and declarations regarding women human rights. So Bangladesh women human rights are emanated from Islamic sharia laws, Bangladesh constitution, policies of the government and international declarations and conventions. In many respects women human rights in Islam and the rights emanate from secular sources are consistent with minor inconsistency where Bangladesh has made reservation. But the problem is that these rights are not observed properly. Local cultures have significant influence on the non-observance of women human rights in Bangladesh. As many of us are Muslims and we observe women human rights in Islam, it will uphold women rights in Bangladesh.

Prosecutors have an important role in law enforcement in society that has a strategic role and position, because they act as a filter in the investigation and examination process in court. The purpose of this study is to find and analyze the regulation of the authority of state attorneys in handling civil and state administrative cases today, to find and analyze the weaknesses of the regulation of the authority of state attorneys in handling civil and state administrative cases today, to find a reconstruction of the regulation of the authority of state attorneys in handling civil and state administrative cases based on the value of justice. The research method uses the constructivism paradigm, with a sociological legal approach method, and a descriptive research type. The types and sources of data use secondary data in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The data collection method uses literature, and qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study are: 1). The regulation of the authority of state attorneys in handling civil and State Administrative cases is not yet fair, namely in the current era, there will be many activities that involve the active role of the government, both legal entities and State Administrative officials, in relations with the community. It is not uncommon for the authority of the government to be disturbed so that efforts are needed to protect and uphold the authority of the government; 2). The weaknesses of the regulation of the authority of state attorneys in handling civil and State Administrative cases currently consist of weaknesses in the aspects of legal substance, legal structure and legal culture. The weakness of the legal substance aspect is the absence of a legal statue that specifically and firmly regulates state attorneys, considering that the authority of the Prosecutor as a State Attorney in the civil field is increasingly important. The weakness of the legal structure aspect is the lack of synergy that causes overlapping authority. The weakness of the legal culture aspect is that in the current technological era, crimes can be committed through technology/electronics.

The study examined crude oil exploration activities and particulate matter pollutants concentration in selected Rivers East and Rivers South-East communities, Rivers State. The study adopted the completely randomized block design (CRBD). Ambient air quality readings were taken in-situ in four (4) stations (two each from each of the communities) using the Aero Qual 500 Series (Gas Monitor), GT 321 Particulate Metre, Automated Global Position System (GPS), and Extech Meteorology Metre, While mean and clustered column chart was used to analyze the data. The study revealed the concentrations of 694 ppm and 613 ppm for CO2 in Bodo and Igwuruta communities respectively which were higher than the WHO daily approved limit of 462 ppm. The study further revealed that the higher concentration of particulate matter pollutants (PMPs) like (NO2 = 0.098 μg/m3, O3 = 0.04 μg/m3, So2 = 0.00 μg/m3, H2S = 0.01 μg/m3, CH4 =0 μg/m3, CO = 0.5 μg/m3, NH3 =0.3 μg/m3, Pm 2.5 = 0.022 μg/m3, Pm 10 = 0.018 μg/m3, temperature = 34.6 oC) obtained at the Bodo artisanal refining sites and that obtained at the Igwuruts flow station were all still within the WHO daily approved limits for the specific PMPs. Also, the excessive concentration of CO2 accentuates the presence of soot that exacerbates the discolouration of vegetation as well as poor air quality, residents’ high susceptibility to skin diseases, cancer and respiratory ailments, intense heat, respiratory complications like cough, carthar, etc. The study recommended amongst others that more trees should be planted to absorb the excess CO2 that accentuates the buildup of soot that damage the built environment; destroy car windshield, roof surfaces, house floors and windows and also, causing health risk of rashes, aging, asthma, bronchitis on the residents around the environs of the Agbada/Igwuruta flow station and Bodo artisanal refining site.