This paper examined health sector readiness and COVID-19 containment in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study concerned itself with the responses from the health sector, which determines its readiness to contain the COVID-19 pandemic as a health emergency. The study was guided by contingency theory. Contingency theory argues that there is no specific and best way of solving problems affecting society and therefore lays emphasis on solutions to problems. Data was collected from secondary sources using content analysis. The analysis indicated that the post-epidemic level of preparedness was poor due to decades of neglect arising from leadership ineptitude, underfunding, and inadequate training in the health sector. However, post-epidemic response and containment efforts, which have kept the fatality rate at 1.3%, demonstrate the importance of prioritization of needs under resource constraint. The drastic contingency measures of sit-at-home, lockdown, and border closure, together with emergency purchase, donor and stakeholder funding, and assistance in the provision of required medical facilities, were an apt product of resilience and courage under fire. The study recommends, among other things, increased budgetary allocation for overall health sector development in line with international best practices. This must be driven by a visionary and pragmatic leader.

A healthy parent-child relationship can be defined as the relationship where parents provide for their child's physical, emotional, and developmental needs. Egalitarian parenting is taken to be the representative of American image and the west and is after by other countries in the world. As comparison with the West, China, the representative of the eastern in the world is always criticized for the authoritarian parent-child relationship. This paper analyzes the development and performance of egalitarianism in children-rearing in America after WWI and China after WWII from four periods: authoritarian generation VS founding generation; depression generation VS turbulent construction generation; baby-boom generation VS Reform and opening up generation; info-child generation(1965-)vs (1994-), and investigates the reasons from the aspects of ideology and socialization.

The quest for scarce land resources in Balikumbat Sub-Division has created rivalry over abundant borderland resources between some five villages for over four decades (1980s-2020). To diagnose this issue, this paper focuses on inter-tribal land conflicts and its implications on the development of Balikumbat sub division. The study seeks to identify and spatialize the different zones/villages in Balikumbat Sub-Division where inter-tribal land conflicts are inherent in a bid to examine the causes of these conflicts so as to assess its implications on the development of this municipality. The methodology used entailed field observations, questionnaires administration, interviews and focus group discussions. Existing literature provided an important starting point for further analysis of the extent of the problem under consideration. The findings have un-earth the fact that the main inter-tribal land conflicting hot spots constitute areas rich in fertile soils. Besides, economic motives, long historical legacies, political and social motives are the leading causes for the scramble over fertile farmlands across some village boundaries in Balikumbat Sub division over time and space. The implications of these conflicts are felt mainly in the socio-economic sector. The agricultural sector ranks first with about 50% drop in agricultural output as large parcels of land are left idle due to entrenched conflicts. The peasant populations have been displaced with massive destruction of property, crops, livestock and even lives. The efforts made by the government and these local communities in the past to resolve these conflicts have yielded very little success because conflicts have remained a common idiosyncrasy as they resurface often. These findings suggest the need for intensive sensitisation to the natives of Balikumbat on the importance of owning land certificates. This may limit verbal and traditional land ownership opening flood gates for a more sustainable land ownership.

Fascism is a fluid and unknown phenomenon in the world of politics and especially in the field of governance, a phenomenon whose nature; despite all the efforts of theorists and thinkers in the field of political and social sciences, remains in an aura of ambiguity. Fascism is like a mirror room in allegory, every essence that is placed in it is lost in thousands of images of its kind and this confusion is the same populism that the idea of fascism seeks in different social strata as its destination. In this article, we try to provide general results from the origins of fascism; its characteristics and patterns of behavior, especially in the field of pluralism and how it treats modernity, by providing explanations of fascism research, to finally find out which political component or components fascism with such a fluid nature seeks to achieve. In a sense, the purpose of this article is to investigate and explain the relationship between fascist institutions and modernity and how to use its indicators. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical which has explained the subject with an interpretive-critical approach. The analysis of this article is based on a systematic method based on the keywords of fascism and modernity.

The rapid development of Shi’a movement around the world involving several crisis in the Middle East become a major influencer on the Muslims in Malaysia. Though, its teachings and influence growth, but it was contradict with the Ahlul Sunnah Waljamaah (Sunni) teachings practice in this country. This development have become a serious problem when they dare to protest against the fatwa on banning Shi’a. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the Shi’a deviance and the strategies to fight against its propaganda in Malaysia. The findings in this paper shows the Shiites deviation is from faith and practices aspects. At the same time, this paper found some of the key element regarding the Shiites propaganda among the people in Malaysia. Then, the paper concludes that the banned on Shiites movement in Malaysia is due to its extreme doctrine or teaching that effect the Islamic faith. Thus, the Shiites in Malaysia is not only seen as heresy, but it consider as a threat to the national security. Shiites dispersion is contagious in the country and need to eradicated as well as possible. This is because it’s a threat that able to clash the unity of Ummah and religious integrity as well as dividing the unity of the Muslims in this country.

Among the woody species found in Haiti, two are of primary importance: Ceiba pentandra, known in the region as mapou, and its counterpart, Ficus thonningii (or Figuier maudit). Both species are renowned in various places worldwide for their medicinal and pharmaceutical attributes. However, in Haiti, they are primarily associated with entrenched meanings related to the cultural beliefs and practices of native Haitians, who staunchly maintain the supernatural potentialities of these flora. Several researchers attest to their numerous healing benefits for the symptoms of many illnesses, but medical data have not been sufficiently compelling despite this pervasive belief system. Longitudinal inquiries could uncover a cultural motive for this fixation on unproven facts, at the risk of underestimating many other valuable attributes of the trees. In this study, general system theory was applied to analyze aspects of Haitian culture relative to individual beliefs about those species. The rationale of this phenomenon could be a case of communicative autopoiesis, whereby a system of operations creates a structure, thus establishing a network that continuously reproduces more operations within the system. Those traditional perceptions are trapped and buried, without the possibility of refinement or factual examination. The rigidity of those norms is so questionable that the presumption of a principle was essential. In the present study, it was assumed that those traditions derive from a series of linguistic operations that create a network wherein the process of autopoiesis occurs repeatedly in the system (L.O.A.S), as this network continues to replicate. The claim is that there is a method of communication that exists and maintains those trends. The assertion here is to cultivate an alternative to deep-rooted cultural views as much as to enlighten the locals with valuable knowledge and benefits regarding the flora under consideration.