The purpose of this research is to analyze and examine: 1) the regulation of diversion requirements in the current juvenile criminal justice system is not based on the value of justice; 2) weaknesses in the regulation of diversion requirements in the juvenile criminal justice system which is currently not based on the value of justice; 3) reconstruction of diversion requirements regulations in the juvenile criminal justice system based on the value of justice. This research is a qualitative research, with a sociological juridical approach, descriptive analysis, using primary data and secondary data, using the Grand Theory: Lawrence M. Friedman's Legal System Theory and Pancasila Justice Theory; Middle Theory: Law Enforcement Theory Soerjono Soekanto; and Applied Theory: Progressive Legal Theory Satjipto Rahardjo. The research findings are: (1) The regulation of diversion requirements in the juvenile criminal justice system is not currently based on the value of justice because the regulation of diversion requirements in children's cases is contrary to the values of Pancasila justice, and in the perspective of legal norms, the diversion requirement with restrictions is punishable by imprisonment under 7 (seven) years is discriminatory compared to the case of adults who can mediate or peacefully are limited by criminal threats, (2) The weakness of the regulation on diversion requirements is not based on the value of justice, because the regulation on diversion requirements is regulated in Article 7 of Law Number 11 of the Year 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System is discriminatory between child cases and adult cases. (3) Reconstruction of the regulation on diversion requirements in Article 7 of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System based on the value of justice, especially paragraph (2) whose initial phrase reads Diversion as referred to in paragraph (1) is carried out in the case of a crime committed: threatened with imprisonment under 7 (seven) years; and is not a repetition of a crime. Reconstructed into Diversion as referred to in paragraph (1) is carried out in the event that the crime committed is not a repetition of a crime.

Mainstream and dominant global north-influenced social science scholarship in contemporary Nigeria dismisses the class factor in both socio-political engineering and scholarship as non-existent. While the chief priests of this brand of social science scholarship denies its liberal origins, undercurrents and ferments and claim to be neutral in its investigations, the dialectical-historical materialist method of social investigation prioritizes the class question. This study, an interrogation of the place of class in the politics of the Fourth Republic in Nigeria, examines the social forces which shape and direct current politics in the country, and why the country’s socio-economic, cultural and political development continue to fall into bouts of epilepsies and create a number of millions of citizens at the bottom level of society. But the study restates the fact that it may seemingly be unscientific for ultra-left thinking to centralize Nigerian politics mainly on class forces.

Primary Health Care is the first point of contact for most Nigerians with respect to the health care system, but the level of clients’ access and utilization are mostly plagued with distinct problems across geographic locations, thereby impeding sustainable development of rural communities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the intriguing relationships existing among location, distance, and the utilization of government-owned primary health care facilities (PHCF) by residents in Isiala-Mbano, Imo State. A stratified random sampling method was used to select a sample population of 475. Questionnaire and interviews were used to elicit information from the respondents, while geospatial tools were used for mapping the spatial distributions of three Health Posts and fourteen Health Centers. Analyses of data using descriptive statistics, geographic information system, nearest neighbour analysis, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, and student’s t-test revealed that: (i) PHCF’s are randomly distributed within the study area as indicated by the Nearest Neighbour Index of R = 1.164. (ii) Estimated Euclidean distances from users’ houses to nearest PHCFs showed that 66.5 percent of the users live within 1 km and 33.5 percent live between 1 km to 2.3 km from the nearest PHCFs. (iii) Average Nearest Neighbour Distance gave 1.3708 km with good topography. (iv) The ratio of population to health center gave 11,972:1, implying that Isiala-Mbano is adequately served by primary health care centers, but the levels of utilizations were generally very low due to lack of doctors and valid drugs for patients. A test of Hypothesis showed that there is no significant relationship between the distance of primary health care facilities and the level of utilization in the study area. Hence, this study recommended timely health care facility reform through the supply of essential drugs and employment of specialized manpower sustainably to attend to patients in the study area.

The Prison Service in British Southern Cameroons had a constitutional mandate to provide rehabilitation programmes with the goal of transforming the conduct and welfare of prisoners. To deliver this mandate, the Prison Service this article explores the transformation and rehabilitation of prisoners in the British Southern Cameroons prison service which incorporates various types of social and economic activities. The main focus is on the rehabilitation programmes which existed within the prison service between 1922 and 1992. The changes in the laws which necessitated these activities as well as how the prisons were organised to carry out these very important activities are examined. Because of the need to instill inmates with skills and entrepreneurial capacities aimed at facilitating their re-insertion into the society, the correctional institutions moved away from a punitive approach to rehabilitation. This paper discusses the various innovative transformation and rehabilitation programmes that were implemented and designed to enhance the offender’s skills and to encourage their creativity and potentials. In collaboration with missionary societies and other agencies, the government rehabilitated prisoners through various programmes: skills development, psychological services, social work services, and spiritual care. The paper argues that while prisoners left the prison with development skills and knowledge that reduced reoffending and facilitated their reintegration into the community, the increasing number of inmates became over bearing on the resources that the government earmarked for the implementation of rehabilitation programmes.

There is increase in crime in the Nigerian society today. There is no passing day that incidence of homicide, bandit, arm robbery and rape to mention some are not repeated in various news media. The Nigerian police recorded 717 rape cases between January and May, 2020 (mutual, June 15, 2020). Rape cases have risen to unprecedented height and this Negative trend cannot be tolerated any further in our society, where peace and tranquility is much desired. Without a peaceful and tranquil environment, development of the economy may be truncated. The members of society have been impacted with this stressor called rape. And consequently a number of persons has suffered psychological problems. This condition if not arrested can negatively affect an individual’s economic power, work adjustment and livelihood the researchers perceive the problem of rape are complicated because studies have revealed that it is largely undisclosed by most survivals, under reported by news media and understudied by Researchers. Therefore if no intervention is instituted by way of national value, reorientation of citizens through the educational sector, rape may continue to thrive as a traumatic norm in the Nigeria society, this paper discus bothered on rape as a traumatic norm, disclosure by victim news media and educational intervention through value reorientation. Necessary suggestion are made on how to end this menace in Nigeria.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are property rights that originate or are born as a result of human intellectual capabilities. With the emergence of use values and economic rewards, a thinking or conception regarding the need of legal protection for human outcomes or intellectual works develops. The term "law of confidence" refers to the legislation that evolved as a framework for protecting secret information (confidence). Trade secret violations occur when someone deliberately divulges trade secrets, breaches agreements, or violates written or unwritten responsibilities to maintain trade secrets. Owners of economically valuable technology or company knowledge are more likely to register their rights as trade secrets than patents or copyright protection. Article 5 paragraph (1), letter d of the Trade Secrets Law expressly provides for the protection of trade secrets based on an agreement.

The Indonesian government's deradicalization program, which was developed and implemented using both a complex and a gentle approach, was not optimal. The government requires mass organizations such as Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah's involvement in overcoming radicalism through collaborative governance. The purpose of this study is to define the roles of Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah and to analyze their positions from the perspective of collective governance. This qualitative research drew on two distinct types of data sources: primary and secondary. By collecting these types of data, we became the primary instruments in this study. The data were then analyzed using content analysis techniques to arrive at the following conclusion: 1) As members of civil society, Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah are critical in preventing radicalism because they comprehend Ahlussunnah wal Jama'ah, the code of conduct that all of Islam's adherents adhere to in order to demonstrate Islam's peaceful face. Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah also use their organizational structure, movement, and responsiveness to various issues to combat radicalism. Additionally, the educational network of Islamic boarding schools, regular schools, madrasas, and universities under two has developed into a breeding ground for the moderate Islamic generation; 2) Although Nahdlatul Ulama and Muhammadiyah have participated in various government-sponsored programs, this has not yet been classified as government collaboration.

This work investigated effect of peer-tutoring on senior secondary school students’ academic performance in mathematics in Ahoada East Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study adopted quasi experimental research design of pre-test, post-test non-equivalent group design. This was premised on the fact that; there has been poor performance of students in both internal and external examinations among the senior secondary school students in Mathematics in the schools. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. A sample size of one hundred and ninety- five (195) students was drawn from a population of four thousand, one hundred and fifty-eight (4,158) SS 2 students. Mathematics performance test (MPT) and lesson notes (LN) were the two instruments used for data collection. The face and content validities of the instrument was done by three experts in Educational Measurement and Evaluation in the Department of Guidance and Counselling, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education. A reliability coefficient of 0.76 was obtained for the MAT using test-re-test reliability method. The data collected were analysed using mean, standard deviation and ANCOVA which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the findings revealed that students taught Mathematics using Peer Tutoring Strategy performed better than those taught using Conventional Teaching Method. It is therefore recommended that peer tutoring strategy be incorporated in the teaching of other subjects.