Mustard is a leading oil crop in Bangladesh. The study was conducted in four major Binasarisha-4 growing areas of Bangladesh, namely Jashore, Kushtia, Magura and Faridpur district to estimate the socio-economic profile, profitability and technical efficiency of the variety. In total, 160 farmers, 40 from each district were randomly selected as sample size for conducting the study. In the sampled areas data were collected through pre-designed interview schedule from February-March, 2017. Tabular, descriptive statistics and Cobb-Douglas production frontier model were used to fulfill the objectives. In the study, costs and return analysis were done on both cash cost and full cost basis for estimating profitability. The study found that Binasarisha-4 production is profitable. The average net return per hectare was Tk. 29113.30. The net return was highest in Magura (Tk. 33060.19/ha) followed by Kushtia (Tk. 32195.20/ha), Jashore (Tk. 28227.04/ha) and Faridpur (Tk. 22970.78/ha) respectively. Benefit cost ratio was 1.71 and 2.65 on full cost and cash cost basis. The stochastic Cobb-Douglas production frontier model was used for estimating technical efficiency of Binasarisha-4 producer in the study areas. About 61% Binasarisha-4 farmers could achieve 89.5% technical efficiency implying that they could increase Binasarisha-4 productivity through increasing their technical efficiencies in many issues, such as education, income and farming experience. Farmers faced some constraints in cultivating of the variety. Out of them the major constraints were inadequate supply of quality seeds, higher price of fertilizers & insecticides, lack of training, lack of technical know-how, natural calamities, higher charge of irrigation and Infestation of insects.

This study aims to describe the strategy for developing the potential for tourism areas through a bottom up planning approach in the Angsana District, Tanah Bumbu Regency. A qualitative approach is used to collect and analyze data in the form of words and human actions regarding the strategy for developing the potential of the tourism area through the bottom up planning approach that has been obtained. The research informants consisted of the Youth, Sports and Tourism Office of Tanah Bumbu Regency, the Head of Angsana Village and village officials, and the Tourism Awareness Group (Pokdarwis). The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly from informants at the research location. Secondary data in this study were obtained from notes, articles, internet and scientific writings related to the strategy to develop the potential for tourism areas through a bottom up planning approach in the Angsana district, Tanah Bumbu Regency. The data collection technique was carried out in three steps, namely: observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the development of the potential for tourism areas through the bottom up planning approach in the Angsana district, Tanah Bumbu Regency was still not effective. This can be seen from the uneven implementation of policies that have been made, because not all development programs have been implemented well. Apart from that, the limited infrastructure also creates separate obstacles such as the availability of toilets. The still low participation and creativity of the community in making the tourism sector one of the drivers of the regional economy and budget constraints both in villages and in the district and the absence of a master plan as a guideline in the long term are also constraining factors.

This study aims to determine the comparison of community empowerment and explain the obstacles through the management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMdesa) in Padang Jaya Village and Modang Village, Kuaro District, Paser Regency. A qualitative approach was used to collect and analyze data in the form of words and human actions regarding the comparison of BUMDesa empowerment in Padang Jaya Village and Modang Village, Kuaro District, Paser Regency. Research informants consisted of the Community Empowerment Service and Village Government of Paser Regency, Kuaro District, Paser Regency, Village Head/Village Apparatus, Kuaro District, Paser Regency, BUMDesa Management, Kuaro District, Paser Regency, and BUMDesa Consumer/Participation Communities. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Primary data is data obtained directly from informants at the research location, namely those located in Kuaro District, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Secondary data is data obtained from various supporting scientific libraries and from existing documents obtained from agencies or institutions related to this research. The data collection technique was carried out in three steps, namely: observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the empowerment of BUMDesa in Padang Jaya Village and Modang Village, Kuaro District, Paser Regency was maximal where BUMDesa in Padang Jaya Village was superior to BUMDesa in Modang Village. Some of the obstacles encountered include limited human resources both in terms of quantity and quality, in addition to that there are bureaucratic obstacles that have an impact on the capital of BUMDesa.

The dynamic financial sector of India has been rapidly growing over the last few years. There has been significant development over the previous five years to move India into financial inclusion through cost-effective, convenient, and secure means, which bring the unbanked rural households into the economic mainstream. Despite the rapid growth of the sector, significant sections of the population experience these positive changes at a much slower pace. Although the majority of the households having a bank account, they are unaware of the financial services, products and investment provisions, less financial knowledge, unsatisfactory and adverse financial behavior, and attitudes. Bank accounts are being opened forcefully as part of direct benefit transfer. Many of them are unfamiliar with even the most basic economic and financial concepts required to make sensible financial decisions. This paper tries to assess gender differences in financial literacy among rural households. A comprehensive approach for measuring financial literacy is developed by constructing the Financial Literacy Index (FLI) comprising the indicators like financial knowledge, financial behavior and financial attitude. The study is based on the primary data having five hundred samples, were collected from the rural areas of Aligarh district. The findings indicate the gender differences in different indicators of financial literacy, in which males were more knowledgeable in financial matters than female respondents.

Introduction: According to the World Bank, poverty is measured by income. Bangladesh uses microcredit as an anti-poverty tool for reducing poverty. The aim of the study is to find out the impact of microcredit on poverty reduction in rural Bangladesh. Methods: This study run by following qualitative and quantitative research process based on secondary data recorded from 2002 to 2012. Study data as number microcredit borrowers have been calculated from Microfinance Information Exchange (MIX) Market Database and rest of the data are collected from the World Bank, Household Income & Expenditure Survey Report and relevant literatures. Result: Microcredit has an impact on the income poverty reduction. During the last decade, income poverty had reduced 1.5% in Bangladesh. So, MFIs are not necessary for reducing poverty because if income is increased, it depends on the poor people how they will utilize their money. Conclusion: From this study we found that microfinance can reduce the poverty by giving credit loan and generating income.