Investors can choose to invest in the real investment sector or in the financial sector. The decision to choose the investment sector is mainly determined by the amount of return (return) generated and the risk (risk) that will be received by investors due to the investment. Theoretically the risks and returns received from an investment will go hand in hand. The higher the rewards expected to be received, the greater the risk that investors will receive. Fama (1970) classified information into three types, namely; (i) oast price change (past price changes), (ii) public information (publicly available information) and (iii) public and private information (good information available to the public and not). The efficient market hypothesis has been widely tested and, with the data in a wide variety of markets and variety result. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, we seem to be entering a stage where widely scattered and as yet incohesive evidence is arising which seems to be inconsistent with the theory. Daily observations are taken for the period January 2017 to December 2017 on LQ-45 at IDX. Autocorrelation, Ljung-Box Qstatistic Test, to test the hypothesis that the stock market follows a random walk. Daily returns are not normally distributed, because they are negatively skewed and leptokurtic. In aggregate we concluded that the daily prices do not follows random walks in LQ-45 IDX. The investors can take the stream of benefits through arbitrage process from profitable opportunities across these markets.

Exchange rate is an important macroeconomic variable that economic planners, policymakers as well as governments all over the world monitor very closely. This may be because volatility in exchange rate is capable of putting an entire nation in an acute state of disequilibrium. In Nigeria, economists and other stakeholders have continued to make relevant efforts to restore normalcy/stability to the nation’s exchange rate that has been subjected to severe rate of volatility in recent years. The Nigerian industrial sector remains a potentially viable alternative amidst the incessant widespread calls for diversification of the Nigerian economy. As such, it is not against conventional wisdom to say that since industrialisation may involve importation (of raw materials), exportation (of finished goods) or both; one may not be wrong to expect a link with exchange rate. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between exchange rate volatility and industrial sector performance in Nigeria using quarterly time series data spanning from 1980Q1 to 2016Q4. The researchers relied on the use of OLS multiple regression technique for analysis while exchange rate volatility was generated using Exponential Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH). The result showed that exchange rate volatility is inversely related to industrial sector performance (using industrial sector contribution to GDP as a proxy) in Nigeria. Furthermore, trade openness was observed to have a negative sign (though statistically insignificant) while exchange rate and interest were also found to be strong and significant positive drivers of industrial sector performance in Nigeria. Following the findings, the Nigeria government and other stakeholders are advised to hasten efforts to arrest the perennial fluctuations in exchange rate in the country in order to stimulate expansion of productivity in industrial sector.

According to the development trend of the transportation industry and rapid economic growth, China has carried out strategic layout and planning routes for the transportation industry. The National Development and Reform Commission have also issued a number of documents that promote the construction of a modern transportation system, and promote transportation projects such as railways, waterways, airports, and urban transportation. Besides, it continuously invests large amounts of money in companies in the transportation industry. The mission of companies in the transportation industry is of great importance. It can be seen that China’s transportation industry is at a stage of rapid development, and it has received strong support from the government. Nevertheless, it still has a long way to go. To improve the transportation infrastructure of the nation, companies in the transportation industry must strive to improve their corporate performance. This paper empirically investigates the impact of factors such as financial factors, internal operations, and corporate growth on the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry, with the aim of helping listed companies in the transportation industry to develop a sound corporate strategy and conduct standardized and effective management to improve corporate performance. This paper selects data of 42 listed companies in the transportation industry from 2012 to 2016, and utilizes the fixed effect model that controls heteroskedasticity to analyze influencing factors of the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry. Empirical results show that core ratio, return on personnel, long-term debt ratio, and quality of staff positively influences the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry. Factors such as operation cost ratio, managerial cost ratio, size, and delay ratio have a negative impact on the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry. Policy implications are proposed accordingly.

The study measured the impact of exchange rate to financial remittance in Nigeria for the period 1990 to 2016 using the traditional ordinary least square method for estimation. Also, empirical and theoretical evidence from Nigeria. Africa and the continent was compared. The analyses of the OLS regression showed evidence that real effective exchange rate positively and significantly impacted on financial remittance in Nigeria. Similarly, estimates from the ordinary least square model provide evidence to show that exchange rate also positively significantly impacted on other macroeconomic variables such as money supply but negatively to economic growth under the period of the study. The result points to the fact that the macroeconomic variables and financial remittance in Nigeria if well managed can engineer the Nigerian economy to greater growth.

The purpose of the study is to find out whether there is a long-term and shortterm influence of the development of the Islamic capital market on economic growth in Indonesia. The data used are monthly data from January 2011 to December 2017 with Islamic stock variables, Islamic bonds (sukuk), and Islamic mutual funds as independent variables, as well as economic growth as the dependent variable. This research uses longterm relationship and error correction models to see the existence of short-term relationships. The results of this show are the significant positive influence between corporate sukuk, the Jakarta Islamic Index and Islamic Mutual Funds on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Whereas in the short term there is no influence between corporate sukuk, the Jakarta Islamic Index, and Islamic Mutual Funds on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Based on the results of the study, it can be implied that Islamic capital market is able to become an alternative capital to increase economic growth in Indonesia with long-term analysis using ECM.

Economic development of a village will be successful if there is participation from entrepreneurs who are expected to create jobs. Entrepreneurship is a development potential that can drive the economy of a village, therefore, it is very necessary to empower the businesses that are expected to be able to develop the potential of the village through innovation and creativity. So that this can be achieved, it needs support from various parties and one of them is a Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDesa). BUMDesa is intended to strengthen village income, increase business opportunities, reduce unemployment and at the same time become the motor of the village economy. The existence of MSMEs with BUMDesa is supposed to go together, this is because if the economy wants to advance then the small businesses owned by the community must be supported by advanced and organized management. In addition there are other factors that can support the success and sustainability of a business, namely human resources. As a business manager, it is required to have an entrepreneurial spirit, where the spirit of entrepreneurship can be formed through the world of education and non-education and this is the duty of universities to provide supplies and motivate graduates to become entrepreneurs.

Banking plays an important role in the economic development of a country, where banks provide benefits to the mechanism of available sources of funds effectively and efficiently. In addition, banks provide financial services to all levels of society, so that the soundness of banks must be considered so that the economy is better. Therefore, it is very important to assess the performance of a financial institution. The purpose of the assessment is to determine the state of health of a bank. Where the soundness of a bank is seen from the performance of the bank that is assessed in terms of profitability, and the level of profitability is assessed through Return on Assets (ROA). Innovations made by banks on the basis of information technology have an extraordinary impact on efficiency and effectiveness. One of them is the existence of electronic banking products such as ATMs. This study aims to examine the effect of the Loan Deposit Ratio (LDR), NonPerforming Loan (NPL) and Net Interest Margin (NIM) on Return on Assets (ROA), as well as ATM as a moderating variable on the effect of Loan Deposit Ratio, NonPerforming Loans, and Net Interest Margin against Return on Assets. In Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, from 2010 to 2017. Sampling using Purposive Sampling. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with SPSS 24. Research shows that Loan Deposit Ratio, Non-Performing Loans, and Net Interest Margin are able to explain Return on Assets. Research results show that (1) Loan Deposit Ratio has a significant negative effect on Return on Assets; (2) Non-Performing Loans have a significant negative effect on Return on Assets; (3) Net Interest Margin has a significant positive effect on Return on Assets; and (4) ATMs do not moderate the influence of Loan Deposit Ratio, Non-Performing Loans, and Net Interest Margin on Return on Assets.

The underlying research problem was the outcome of a crucial need to estimate the scenario of women participation in the agricultural labor force in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is an established fact that agriculture is the backbone of the economy of Pakistan and the rural women take part in the agricultural activities with zeal and zest as the male to female ratio is slightly higher in Pakistan according to the census of 2018. There are numerous factors which affect the female participation in the agricultural labor force. Hence, this study was an effort to identify such factors and quantify their effect on female labor force participation decisions in the rural areas of the Punjab Province, Pakistan. Cross Sectional data of 1800 women for the years 2001-02 and 2010-11 were extensively used which was collected by Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES). The identified influencing factors were: Age, educational level, household size, monthly income, and the status of women. The analysis of the logit model showed a positive relationship between female age, educational level, household size, household monthly income, and female as the household head, on the female labor force participation (FLFP) decisions in the agricultural activities. Negative relationship of FLFP was found with married women and the infants (under 5 years) in the household for the year 2001-02. The status of women as daughter, daughter-in-law and others (cousin, aunt etc.) were negatively influencing the FLFP decisions. But for the year 2010-11, the presence of the infants in the household, age, educational level, household size, household monthly income was positively related to FLFP. The status of women in the household as the household head, daughter, daughter-in-law and others (cousin, aunt etc.) were also positively influencing the FLFP decisions in rural areas of the Punjab Province of Pakistan. The findings of this present research study suggest that in focusing on the factors that encourage women to participate in agricultural labor force of Pakistan, an economic revolution can be brought in all the socio-economic spheres along with the emancipation of the suppressed women in the other provinces of Pakistan such as Sindh and Baluchistan where though women participate in the labor force but their participation still is not recognized by the dominated male community.

This study aims to determine the effect of government spending on education, health, and minimum wages on the Five Human Development Index in Southern Sumatra Province. The analytical tool used is panel data with the study period of 2007 to 2016 in five southern Sumatra Provinces namely Jambi, South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung and Bangka Belitung. The results show that minimum wages are the most dominant variable and have a significant effect on the HDI. Whereas the other two variables, namely government spending in education and health do not significantly affect the HDI. Overall the HDI average is not much different and there is no discrepancy between provinces in Southern Sumatra from the range of 68 percent to 70 percent. However, of the five provinces in Southern Sumatra, there are two provinces with higher HDI figures than the others, namely Jambi Province and Bangka Belitung Province.

Several heterogeneity factors such as government policies on foreign trade, growth rate of economy, market size and cost of labour in emerging economies motivated this study. However, bulk of recent empirical cross country studies on FDI and economic growth in emerging countries have shown mixed results. Therefore, this study employs OLS technique to examine a comparative analysis of performance of FDI inflows in BRICS economies alongside with Singapore and Hong Kong in the last 27 years. Consequently, the findings from this analysis show that the principal determinant of FDI inflows in China is large market size, growth rate and GDP per capita growth. Meanwhile, only the market size is the principal determinant of FDI inflows in Brazil, India, South Africa, Singapore and Hong Kong and GDP per capita growth is an insignificant determinant of FDI inflows in both Russia and South Africa. This paper hereby recommends based on its findings that: the policy makers in Brazil, India, Russia Federation, South Africa, Singapore and Hong Kong should embark on policy measures that will facilitate a rapid expansion of the country`s market size. This in turn will have a positive multiplier effects on the growth rate and GDP per capita growth in their economies. However, policy makers in China should embark on policy measure that will ensure the sustainability of the market size of the economy.