Driven by the dual forces of the digital economy and the rural revitalization strategy, China's agricultural live-stream e-commerce has become the core engine for reconfiguring the agricultural value chain. This article takes the tilapia industry in Maoming City, Guangdong Province as the research object. By analyzing its "live-streaming + industry" integration model, it reveals how the digitalized scenario reconstruction promotes the transformation of characteristic agricultural products from traditional sales to branding and globalization. The research finds that the Maoming tilapia industry achieved an average annual output value growth of 21% from 2020 to 2024 and an export volume exceeding 300 million US dollars in 2024 through three innovative strategies: "dual-scenario linked live-streaming", "full-chain data monitoring", and "geographical indication brand building". The research proposes a "technology-scenario-ecology" tripartite development framework, providing a Chinese solution for the digital transformation of the global tropical aquaculture industry.

The world financial system is growing more volatile, and it is questionable whether the conventional reserve currencies will remain as strong as ever. This paper will look at whether the euro can meaningfully challenge the U.S. dollar’s dominance as increasing economic volatility and the appearance of new competitors like the Chinese Yuan raise this question. This paper uses a qualitative and descriptive-quantitative approach based on empirical data provided by the IMF and BIS alongside the contributions of the hegemonic stability theory, network effects, and institutional trust to study the dynamic nature of global reserve currencies. It determines the competitiveness, credibility, and limitations of key reserve currencies. The results indicate that the dollar has fallen from above 70 per cent of the world reserves to approximately 58 per cent as at mid-2024. The euro has retained a consistent portion of about 20 per cent of the world reserves, with strong legal systems and effective monetary policy, but its expansive impact is limited by the fractured fiscal system and political disintegration of the Eurozone member states. The Yuan holds approximately 4 per cent of the global reserves. Despite China’s financial influence is increasing globally, the international role of the Yuan remains limited because of China’s capital controls, managed exchange rates, and financial transparency issues. This paper concludes that there is no single currency that will take the lead in the future. Rather, the world is becoming multipolar in terms of reserve systems where the dollar, euro, Yuan, and selected digital currencies co-exist.

The paper analyzes the effects of tariff policies on international trade flows and national competitiveness between 2018 and 2025, a time of revived of protectionism, the COVID-19 crisis, and a general surge in supply-chain disruptions. Using harmonized data sources provided by WTO, UNCTAD, World Bank, and IMF, we implement a two-way fixed-effects gravity model in order to provide a rigorous assessment of the effect of tariff changes on trade flows between developed and developing economies. To help counter the possibilities of endogeneity, we create a weighted tariff shock variable and apply system GMM regressions. We further expand the study with multidimensional measures of competitiveness such as export sophistication, logistics efficiency and innovation capacity in order to confirm the consistency of our findings. The findings are all consistent with the conclusion that increased tariffs reduce the performance of exports, and the negative effect is most pronounced in developing economies that are defined by a small industrial base and low technological potential. On the other hand, those economies that have high regional trade relations and sophisticated digital infrastructure have more resilience to tariff shocks due to diversifying supply chains and updating technology. In our analysis, we find that there are always negative impacts on the performance of exports due to higher tariffs, but the most negative impacts were observed in developing countries that are not technologically developed and whose industrial bases are small. The article provides practical policy advice on the need to balance short term industrial security with long-term economic sustainability in a more globalized economy.

The BRICS block, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, has become a unified economic bloc that is busily reshaping the frontiers of world governance. Representing more than forty percent of the global population and a growing portion of world GDP, BRICS expresses a different vision of multilateralism, which systematically asserts itself on the normative and institutional dominance of the Western order. This paper conceptualizes BRICS as a norm-entrepreneurial alliance that has the goal of transforming the world orders on finance, trade, and development cooperation without compromising the values of state sovereignty, policy autonomy, and South-South solidarity. This study is based on constructivist international relations theory and global political economy of institutional change to provide a complete analysis. The qualitative discourse analysis of BRICS summit declarations in 2009-2023 and policy communiqués lies in the quantitative evaluation of trade, investment, and financial-flow indicators retrieved by the World Bank, IMF, and UNCTAD. As the analysis has shown, BRICS has played a tangible role in the spread of multipolar governance norms, and it has also helped to introduce parallel institutions, including the New Development Bank and the Contingent Reserve Arrangement. Nevertheless, the capacity of BRICS to initiate a significant change is limited by internal disparities in economic power, political frameworks, and strategic ambitions between the members. The results indicate that although BRICS has a potential to promote a more inclusive and equitable international order, it is unable to do so because of profound disparities among members in economic strength, political structures, and strategic interests. BRICS exemplifies the irony of global change of shaking the existing power order and at the same time relying on it to maintain stability- the multi-faceted nature of reform and continuity that characterizes the modern age of global change. It is important to recognize this duality to comprehend the way international governance is changing in the modern multipolar and highly contested world.