The digital transformation of global supply chains has introduced unprecedented opportunities for efficiency and automation, alongside new cybersecurity risks and legal challenges. This study focuses on the impact of these factors on international trade efficacy, as well as the complex connection between data sovereignty requirements and cybersecurity strategies within smart supply chains. We look at how businesses balance following the rules with good logistics performance using case studies, professional interviews, and data analysis. Our results show that data sovereignty rules add a lot of work to operations, but they also make supply lines stronger and safer. The study also shows that companies that can balance these different needs have 23% fewer cyber events while still getting the benefits of cross-border logistics. One thing that is often seen as a problem is becoming more and more important in shaping hacking and the future of smart supply chains, as this study clearly shows. Rules about where data is stored, rules that are specific to a sector, and sending data across borders all cause big problems, such as higher costs to comply, limited data movement, broken IT setups, and difficult audits. This research indicates that enterprises that synchronize their data governance with sovereignty-focused policies are more inclined to use advanced security architectures. Sovereign cloud environments are one of these architectures. They make sure that data stays inside the right bounds. Edge computing is another. It lets processing happen locally, which lowers exposure. Zero-trust models are another. They check access across distributed assets all the time. Today's technologies improve the safety, reliability, and availability of supply chain data in a few locations. The newly established standards are easier to follow, the operations are more stable, and the partners trust each other more.

This paper analyzes the economic and strategic ramifications of AI-driven cybersecurity solutions in alleviating digital commerce disruptions in emerging economies. The effects of AI-enhanced security solutions on digital resilience and global economic relations are examined under escalating cyber threats and regulatory chaos. Researchers are examining the impact of security policies, including AI, on technology resilience and international economic connections, in response to the increasing prevalence of cyberattacks and political instability. Data was collected from several rising nations for this study between 2023 and 2025. Data breaches, system failures, intellectual property theft, and reputational damage can be mitigated, and markets that use artificial intelligence cybersecurity technologies have seen a 78% drop in successful cyberattacks, with an average cost savings of $4.2 million per incident averted, according to studies. The research demonstrates that those governments engaging in AI-driven cybersecurity solutions had a 21.9% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) in digital commerce volume, far above that of comparable nations that did not invest. This signifies a clear multiplier effect on the economy. The results demonstrate that heightened participation in the global digital economy is associated with cybersecurity expertise. This research changes the way we think about cybersecurity, especially hacking, as more than just a technical safety measure. It talks about how AI-enhanced cybersecurity is important for advancing state digital sovereignty, especially in the Global South. Researchers say that lawmakers, regulators, and business leaders should put money into things like AI-driven threat detection, automated incident response, and predictive analytics. Not only do these kinds of activities make digital systems better, but they also help the economy flourish and link more with the digital economy around the world.

This research work provides a strategic analysis of the implications of carbon pricing mechanisms for global environmental sustainability and economic growth. This work conducts an orderly review of literature and content analysis in formulating findings from published peer-reviewed journals, reports, and policy releases between the time frame 2010 and 2024. The goal is to find out if carbon pricing works to lower greenhouse gas emissions, to investigate the economic effects of such pricing, to investigate the environmental benefits of such pricing, and to understand why countries need to work together to make carbon pricing strategies more effective. Through the utilization of a stringent search approach that is directed by specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, the research strategy guarantees that the data that is being reviewed is not only pertinent but also of high quality. It is clear from the findings that carbon pricing regimes such as cap-and-trade and carbon taxes are of critical significance in terms of bringing about economic transformation, fostering growth, and combating climate change concerns. According to the most important findings, carbon pricing has the potential to effectively promote the development of environmentally friendly technology, solve issues of social justice, and emphasize the importance of global policy cooperation to handle challenges such as competition and carbon leakage across international borders. Policymaker proposals stress the need for international cooperation, the need for complete solutions combining carbon pricing with comprehensive economic and environmental policies, and the need for continuous research to improve carbon pricing models and strategies. This study improves the present conversation on carbon pricing by offering an understanding of its possible role as a basic component of sustainable economic policy and world climate governance.

The financial crisis in 2007–2008 shake the fiscal world with a wave of massive economic losses, which caused the biggest economic and financial disruption in the world’s financial system and lead to the banking sector recapitalization in many countries. Perennial banks failures attributed in severe losses, capital erosion and triggered a series of mergers and acquisitions, equity issues and government intervention in the Nigerian banking sector. This study is to evaluate the matrix analysis for the effect of merger and acquisition, equity issues and intervention on the performance of Nigerian banking sector. However, the nature and existence of this potential relationship were found to be mixed, which prompted this study to re-examine the relationship. This study employed the quantitative survey research design, stratified sampling method and Partial Least Squares (PLS) algorithm (bootstrap techniques) were used to test the hypotheses. Results obtained supported the hypothesis on the influence of mergers and acquisitions, equity issues, intervention on the banks' performance. The importance-performance map analysis was applied in this study to allow enriching the PLS-SEM analysis and thereby gain additional results and findings, although its application to banking is still at its embryonic state. In addition, the results from importance-performance map analysis indicate that the first priority by managers is to improve the performance aspects captured by equity issues, as this construct have the highest importance in the model, but relatively low performance. Finally, this study has succeeded in validating the aforementioned conceptualization as well as advancing significant theoretical and practical contributions to both researchers, regulatory authorities and managers for further understanding on the influence of recapitalization and banks performance. Further suggestions for future research directions are also offered.

There has been substantial progress in the international trade sector between 2018 and 2025 for several reasons. These improvements have been made over several years. The primary factors contributing to this crisis were trade conflicts and the implementation of high tariffs by significant countries, especially between the United States and China. These disputes were particularly important as they occurred between the two nations. These disagreements were especially consequential as they transpired between the two nations. In 2018, several long-standing trade agreements were terminated due to an increase in protectionism targeting regional traders. This was a consequence of the rise in protectionism. It was specified in the scope of these agreements that a variety of different commercial transactions were covered. Because of this, several distinct industries, notably new enterprises all over the world, have been significantly impacted around the world. The goal of this research is to determine the impacts that tariff policy has on international commerce and the economy by examining the changes that occur in trade flows, market access, and competitive positions between the years 2018 and 2025. This research examines the effects of governmental trade policies, particularly tariffs, on economic growth, the development of supply chain models, and the progression of novel concepts in global commerce. To clarify this, we must combine extensive trade and tariff data with an analysis of representative national case studies. This article examines the advantages of various economies, considering present trade conflicts and the changing global environment. According to this study, these characteristics have different impacts on developing economies and nations. Even though they're meant to protect local firms, import tariffs can wind up making things more expensive, messing with supply chains, and making it harder to compete. This research asserts that two critical ways to alleviate negative effects are enhancing trade relations and advancing technical skills. This paper clarifies how tariffs obstruct trade in an uncertain environment and offers policy suggestions to improve economies and promote sustainable trade relationships.

Early-stage accounting systems have a significant impact on a company's ability to survive because they provide information that aids in decision-making and foster a sense of financial discipline. The reason for this is that they provide information that helps with decision-making. This study employed a mixed-methodologies approach, combining quantitative analysis of financial data from 150 businesses with qualitative interviews with 20 founders and finance managers. What makes this research so intriguing is the mix of these two approaches. The goal of this study project is to ascertain how much structured accounting methods affect new enterprises' long-term survivability. Higher survival rates are significantly positively correlated with early accounting, budgeting, and money flow monitoring strategies, according to the quantitative data. Because it results in higher survival rates, this connection is important. According to a qualitative study, entrepreneurs who have established strict accounting practices are better able to predict financial risks, make strategic decisions, and win over investors. Their success is because of their strict accounting system. This study adds to the existing literature on entrepreneurship by establishing a connection between early financial practices and venture performance in the long term. In addition to this, it provides suggestions on how new businesses might use advanced accounting procedures from the very beginning of their operations. When it comes down to it, businesses that implement financial discipline at an early stage are better equipped to deal with challenges that arise often and to foster development over the long run.

Research aimed to assess how work stress and work engagement affect employee performance, with organizational commitment as an intervening. This study uses a quantitative methodology. The study use the census sampling technique to collect data from workers in the General Affairs Department. In this study, the sample consisted of 70 Civil Servants. Analysis method in this research use Structural Equation Model (SEM) and supporting by SmartPLS v3.0 application. The results of this research indicated that employee performance affected by work stress, employee’s performance is affected by work engagement, organizational commitment is affected by work stress, organizational commitment is affected by work engagement, employee’s performance is impacted by organizational commitment, employee’s performance is affected by work stress through organizational commitment, and employee’s performance is affected by work engagement through organizational commitment among employees in the General Affairs Division of Pemalang Regency.

Humanity is all about being human. Being human is all about feeling the pain of fellow human being, supporting our race in creating a happy world, hand holding the ‘downtrodden and the unfortunate’ to uplift them from the grip of pain and sufferings. A common word which is representative of all the pain, suffering, lack of material possessiveness and misfortune is ‘poverty’. It is but obvious that the term poverty is as disdainful as it is devastating in its impact. It is a real curse on humanity. Abstract poverty which devoid human of fulfilling even most basic needs and sometimes causing death due hunger and matching wantless-ness are blot on the face of humanity. We must not lose sight of the visionary statement of the ILO Declaration of 1944 at Philadelphia [ ], which states,”Poverty anywhere is a threat to prosperity everywhere.” It is not only from the fear factor associated with the threat to prosperity only but also due to the factor of benevolence involved in the basic nature of human, a touch of being sensitive to the troubles of the fellow living being that there has been constant effort for bringing the fortune to the “lot with the lost opportunities”. Ever since poverty existed there have been simultaneous efforts to eradicate it. A number of concepts, plans, measures, tactics, and methods have been deviced to deal effectively with poverty. Taking advantage of mutual strength and support has also been a major tool, which identifies itself in the form of Cooperative movement. Self Help Group (SHG) is also manifestation of similar ideology. In India under the aegis of DAY - NRLM this movement has proven to be path breaking and is a movement to recon with. In this paper the author has endeavored to peep into past, narrate the present and estimate the future form of the SHG concept.