Land use and cropping pattern is an important aspect of any economy studies particularly relevant to terai region. Given the fixed amount of land available on the earth and the simultaneous increases in population and the pressure on land has been increasing extremely that’s why the leads to change in land use and cropping pattern. In the last few decades, changing market conditions as well as policy environments and climate variability has reshaped land use patterns in Pilibhit. However, there has been a transition from traditional subsistence to more market-dependent and diversified cropping systems due to these changes. The analysis finds principal forces of change behind these trends, such as cash crop subsidies from government, and enhanced irrigation systems, as well as the increasing power of mechanization and agricultural innovation. At the same time, these changes have also presented opportunities as well as problems for small and marginal farmers, who are normally disadvantaged in switching to other crop options by their limited resources and fragmented landholdings. These changes have significant socio-economic effects, including income variability, employment and food security. It also reports the environmental implications of increased farming practices, including soil degradation and water depletion. Based on interviews, and secondary data, the study analyses the implications of these changes on the sustainability of agricultural practices in Pilibhit.

Purpose: To examine how income and interest rate affect mobile banking transactions in India’s financial system during the digital era from January 2016 to December 2022. Design/Methodology/Approach: The authors first test the stationarity of variables using ADF and PP tests, followed by a residual-based Granger and Johansen cointegration tests. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method is used to estimate the long-run coefficients whereas the short-run coefficients are examined through the ECM. Additionally, FMOLS, CCR, IRF and diagnostic tests are applied to ensure the robustness of the results. Findings: The stationarity tests indicate that all selected variables are integrated at their first differences. Furthermore, the Engle-Granger and Johansen cointegration tests confirm a long-term relationship. The DOLS results show that income (Y) and short-term interest rate (SR) significantly influence money demand through mobile banking in the long run. In the short run, the coefficients of income and interest rate are not statistically significant; however, the negative and significant error correction term (ECT) indicates adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. Additionally, the FMOLS, CCR, and IRF models support the robustness of the long-run results, and diagnostic tests confirm the accuracy of the findings. Originality/value: This study makes a unique contribution by examining the effects of income and interest rate on mobile banking in the digital era, as the dependent variable instead of the traditional measure of money demand—an area with minimal empirical research. It provides a deeper perspective on how these factors shape mobile banking transactions in an evolving financial sector. By bridging traditional economic theory with modern financial practices, this study enhances our understanding of liquidity preference in the digital age and demonstrates the ongoing relevance of Keynesian concepts in today’s digital finance environment.

The present study employs Trade Intensity index and Grubel Lloyd index to examine the India-BRCS group trade dynamics in processed food products from year 2010-2021. The research findings reveal a positive balance of trade for India except in the year 2014-2017. The study finds that lowest trade intensity of India is with Brazil. The results also indicate very less or no intra-industry trade in many processed food products like: fish products, meat products, dairy and poultry products, animal and vegetable oils, etc. The trade between India and China is found to be more homogenized than any other nation taken in the study.

Corporate disclosures that focus solely on financial performance often fail to capture the broader impact and long-term viability of firms, prompting urgent questions about the value relevance of more holistic reporting frameworks. Against this backdrop, the present study aims to investigate whether triple bottom line reporting encompassing environmental, social, and economic dimensions significantly shapes market valuations among listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study adopts an ex post facto research design, drawing on secondary data from 45 purposively selected firms between 2012 and 2023. Employing both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and a two-step Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation, the analysis examines the interplay between share price (SHPR) as the dependent variable and key disclosure indices (ENDI, SODI, and ECDI) alongside financial controls (EAPS, BVPS, CFPS). The findings reveal that environmental and social reporting exhibit consistently strong and positive associations with share price, suggesting that transparent disclosures in these domains enhance investor confidence and potentially reduce uncertainty. Contrarily, economic disclosure shows a negative and significant coefficient under GMM, hinting that excessive focus on short-term economic metrics may be met with skepticism if not balanced by comprehensive sustainability information. This conclusion underscores the centrality of integrated reporting strategies that address environmental and social commitments alongside financial performance. The implications for corporate managers, policymakers, and investors are clear: prioritizing triple bottom line disclosures can augment firm value by signaling long-term resilience and ethical stewardship. The study recommends intensifying efforts to standardize and deepen disclosure practices across all three dimensions, thereby fostering comparability and trust in capital markets. Looking ahead, further research might explore industry-specific dynamics or incorporate governance mechanisms to unravel how best to optimize triple bottom line reporting for sustained value creation in emerging economies.