Prosthodontics has undergone substantial transformation during 2021–2026, driven by advances in pharmaceutical formulations, biomaterials, nanotechnology, antimicrobial strategies, and digital dentistry. This comprehensive review examines recent developments in dental products and pharmaceutical formulations used in prosthodontic applications, with particular emphasis on adhesive systems, denture liners, tissue conditioners, denture base materials, controlled drug-delivery systems, and bioactive materials. Contemporary adhesive formulations incorporating optimized monomers, solvents, and photoinitiators have demonstrated improved bonding performance, while denture liners and tissue conditioners increasingly incorporate antimicrobial agents such as silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles, probiotics, and bioactive components. Controlled-release approaches, including chitosan nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol microspheres, offer opportunities for prolonged therapeutic delivery and improved management of prosthodontic-associated infections. Digital CAD/CAM and 3D-printing technologies have further enhanced precision and mechanical performance, while nanomaterials such as titanium dioxide, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide have demonstrated potential for improving mechanical and antimicrobial properties. Bioactive glass and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite provide additional opportunities for remineralization and regenerative applications. Emerging trends include artificial intelligence-assisted material selection, personalized drug-delivery dentures, sustainable bio-based materials, and regenerative prosthodontic approaches. Overall, recent innovations are moving prosthodontics toward more biocompatible, antimicrobial, personalized, digitally integrated, and functionally advanced dental products.

Background: Blood transfusion safety is a major issue in transfusion medicine. Adverse transfusion reactions (ATRs) are necessary to identify to maintain blood transfusion safety. Our study aimed to determine the frequency and different type of ATRs in diabetes subjects reported in a tertiary hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducting in a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka in duration on June 2025 and December 2025. ATRs were evaluated by the blood transfusion officer and classified using standard definitions. Results: A total of 253 units of whole blood were transfused, 190 units transfused in diabetic subjects and 63 units in health subjects respectively. In total subjects 68% ATRs were found, involving allergic (17%), delayed hemolytic reactions and Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) (17%), Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) reaction (3%), bacterial contamination 7%, RBC destruction to foreign antigen (4%) and brady cardiac 3%) were noticed. Among 190 diabetic subjects, 68.4% ATRs were observed including 15.6% delayed Hemolytic reactions, 16.8% allergic reaction, 17.9% TACO, 3.2% TRALI reaction, 7.9% bacterial contamination, 4.7% RBC destruction to foreign antigen reaction and 2.1% brady cardiac reactions which were higher (p=ns) rate than health subjects. Conclusion: Our study concluded that 68% ATRs were noticed in total subject where as 68.4% ATRs noticed in diabetic subjects that carries high infection rate. Safe blood transfusion services may have decreased these ATRs issues.

Space maintenance is an integral part of preventive dentistry. Despite all possible measures of preserving the primary teeth, loss of space remains to be a frequent problem in pediatric dentistry, resulting in disturbance of arch integrity and unfavorably affecting the alignment of permanent successors. Space maintainers (SMs) are distinctive appliances used for space maintenance that occurred due to premature loss of primary teeth. This article presents an unique, modified removable nonfunctional SM that offers several benefits over the traditional appliance. This appliance is easy to fabricate, omits band adaptation and intra gingival distal extension in children and also helps to restore the functional harmony. There are various designs of distal shoe space maintainers for premature loss of deciduous second molar in a growing child. Further research needs to be done regarding clinical implications such as effectiveness, longevity etc., of removable distal shoe space maintainers.