Cancer therapy continues to face major challenges due to nonspecific drug distribution, systemic toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. Repurposing established drugs in combination with bioactive natural compounds and delivering them through nanocarriers represents a promising strategy to overcome these limitations. The present study focuses on the formulation, characterization, and combined efficacy evaluation of metformin hydrochloride and quinic acid–loaded niosomes for enhanced anticancer activity. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, exhibits anticancer effects through AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition, and metabolic reprogramming, while quinic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic properties. Co-encapsulation of these agents in niosomal nanocarriers was undertaken to improve bioavailability, ensure synchronized delivery, and achieve synergistic therapeutic effects. The niosomes were prepared using suitable non-ionic surfactants and cholesterol and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, including particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug content, and in-vitro drug release. Morphological analysis confirmed the formation of uniformly distributed nanosized vesicles. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that the co-loaded niosomes exhibited significantly enhanced anticancer activity compared to individual drugs and their free combination, indicating synergistic efficacy. Overall, the findings suggest that metformin and quinic acid co-loaded niosomes offer a promising, cost-effective, and multi-targeted nanotherapeutic approach for cancer management with potential for further translational development.

The antimicrobial properties of bacterial synthesized silver nanoparticles of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli origin were tested against five isolates namely: Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp, Salomonella sp, Shigella sp and Escherichia coli. The silver nanoparticles were synthesized from 10 Mm of AgNO3 and the bacterial culture supernatant. Optimum physiological conditions of bacterial nanoparticles’ synthesis were determined using the Box behnken design with three factors and three levels which include pH (6, 7, 8), time (24, 48, 72hrs) and temperature (25, 30, 32°C). The different significance of the physiological factors was determined. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles were determined as pH 6.9, Temp. 25°C and Time 72 hrs for Escherichia colinanoparticles(ENP) and pH 7.79, Temp. 25oC and Time of 72 hrs for Bacillus subtilis nanoparticles (BNP). The antimicrobial activity of the microbial synthesized silver nanoparticles was determined using the kill kinetics and the Kirby bauer well-in-agar diffusion method. ENP had better activity than BNP on Shigellasp, while the reverse was the case when tested against Salmonella sp. Time kill kinetics shows that BNP and ENP inhibited the growth of Salmonellasp, Pseudomonas sp, Bacillus sp, Shigella sp and E. coli at 12 hrs and 20 hrs, 28 hrs and 32 hrs, 36 hrs and 32 hrs, 24 hrs and 16 hrs and 32 hrs and 16 hrs respectively. All nanoparticles recorded lower activity than the control drug, Ciprofloxacin.