Aim of current study is to perform and investigate the renoprotective effect of nintedanib on diabetic nephropathy in albino wistar rat. Diabetic nephropathy was induced in overnight fasted rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg) prepared freshly in ice chilled 0.1 M citrate buffer (Ph-4.5) and after 15 minutes Nicotinamide (110 mg/kg)in in 0.9% normal saline was administered. The rat were divided into five grouping six animal in each group Each group underwent a different treatment protocol Treatment with nintedanib at 30 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg was evaluated using invivo studies such as physiological evaluation, serum and urine biochemical parameters like creatinine, albumin, BUN, uric acid and urine albumin level and histological studies of diabetic nephropathy induced rat's kidney. The present study demonstrated that the treatment of nintedanib exerts its renoprotective potential against the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The results showed significant improvements in renal function parameters and reduced histological changes when compared to the disease control group. Thereby, nintedanib at 50 mg/kg has demonstrated better effectiveness than nintedanib at 30 mg/kg. Our finding suggests that nintedanib holds potential as a novel therapeutic agent in the management of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting TGF-L. vascular endothelial growth factors, and their signaling pathways in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Further research is needed to elucidate its long-term safety and efficacy in clinical treatments.

Bone fracture is considered to be one of the common problems faced by the majority of population all over the globe. In this context the only option available with the person affected is the either the plaster or the surgery followed by the plaster. Along with this the anti-inflammatory medications as well as calcium containing drugs are being recommended for the early recovery of the patients. The problem with the medication and plaster is that the person feels a lot of discomfort. Itching, skin irritation, poor blood circulation due to tight plaster, pressure sores, infection with wetting of plaster and displacement of bones with losing of plaster might take place. Even the drugs recommended in this case like analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications might results in potential side effects. In this regard it is better to find some alternate for the same. In the recent, herbal plants are being recommended for the treatment of bone fracture. The different formulations can be designed for the delivery of the herbal constituents as the medication for fracture. In the present paper the detail description of herbal plants are being highlighted which have shown the potential of healing fracture.

Perhaps in the recent past, no career has seen more challenges and frustrations like that of the recent anatomist in Nigeria. Students were not interested in pursuing a career in anatomy due to the very restricted career paths, a situation created by unfavorable government policies as enforced by the approved training curriculum. As players in this field of anatomy, with decades of experience, we advocate for improvement in anatomy career prospects. This position paper is backed up by the results of a recent exploratory survey on the experiences of recent anatomy graduates in the labor market. Results showed a redundant curriculum that had remained the same for 30 years. There are no professional options in health services spelt out for the anatomist in national curricula, ancient and modern, despite an obviously superior knowledge of the human body compared to any allied health discipline. Results also showed that the curriculum objectives were significantly far from graduate expectations. Our inference linked this to perharps failure of National Univescities Commission of Nigeria, to consult with students or young graduates during the review since the curriculum objectives of Core Curriculum and Minimum Academic Standards (CCMAS 2022) was in no way different from the Benchmark Minimum Academic Standards (BMAS 2007). This consultation is the gold standard in curriculum review. It is painful to state that the CCMAS was dead on arrival as far as the career paths of the anatomist are concerned. This is a call for a true curriculum review.