Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) share an underlying pathology with thyroid dysfunction, affecting glycemic and lipid profiles, particularly in rapidly transitioning populations. This study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, explored the association of thyroid disorders with glycemic and lipid profiles in subjects with T2DM. Blood samples from 172 subjects (75% male and 25% female) were analyzed for fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plasma glucose after breakfast (PGABF), glycated hemoglobin (%HbA1c), lipid profiles, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. Subjects were categorized as euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid groups according to TSH levels. The euthyroid group had FPG 6.1±0.8 mmol/L, PGABF 7.5±1.3 mmol/L, and HbA1c 6.2±0.5%, while higher FPG was observed in hypothyroid [10.3±4.2 (p < 0.001)] and hyperthyroid [10.3±4.6 (p = 0.001)] groups, along with increased PGABF and HbA1c levels. The euthyroid group presented with 52% elevated total cholesterol, 45% elevated triglycerides, 41% low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and 51% elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Notably, the hyperthyroid group showed 87% elevated serum triglycerides (p < 0.001), whereas the hypothyroid group had 23% elevated serum total cholesterol (p < 0.001). Findings indicate thyroid disorders are linked to elevated plasma glucose and HbA1c, with hyperthyroidism potentially elevating triglycerides in T2DM.

Stem cells are partially differentiated cells in multicellular organisms that can change into various types of cells and increase indefinitely to produce more of the same stem cell which is considered as the earliest type of cell in a cell lineage. Treatment with those cells is regarded as an innovative approach in regenerative medicine, offering promising capabilities for healing and restoring damaged tissues and organs. Mesenchymal stem cells, derived from different sources like bone marrow, fat, and dental pulp, are highlighted for their self-renewal, immune-modulation, and regenerative abilities. Regenerative medicine is one of the more recent fields or methodologies that revolutionizes the path for upgrading human health and quality of life, relying on the use of stem cells. The process of using stem cells indicates marvelous capabilities for healing and restoring damaged tissues and organs. The current overview examines the science or biology of stem cells, showing their various sources, and their potential applications across a wide range of medical fields, carried by discussing multiple studies exploring the stem cells. The review further explores the potential of stem cell therapy for treating neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular conditions, liver diseases, ophthalmic conditions, bone injuries, kidney disorders, and dental issues.

The present study investigates the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of natural phytochemicals and NSAIDs, focusing on their potential anticancer effects against selected cancer cell lines. Luteolin, a dietary flavonoid with known antioxidant and anticancer activities, and piroxicam, a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) with reported anticancer potential, were examined both individually and in combination against MMP-9. Molecular docking revealed that the piroxicam–luteolin complex demonstrated stable interactions with key residues, including GLU241, ALA242, LEU243, TYR245, MET247, PRO245, HIS226, GLN227, ALA189, LEU188, LEU222, TYR248, and ARG249, with a binding energy of –6.89 kcal/mol, indicating favorable binding affinity. Antioxidant activity assays revealed that luteolin and piroxicam alone exhibited IC₅₀ values of 22.85 ± 0.080 μM and 20.512 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. Notably, their combination reduced the IC₅₀ to 10.89 ± 0.34 μM, suggesting a synergistic enhancement of antioxidant capacity. Similarly, MTT assays demonstrated that luteolin and piroxicam individually displayed cytotoxic effects with IC₅₀ values of 198.3 ± 0.088 μM and 175.5 ± 0.129 μM, while their combination yielded a significantly lower IC₅₀ of 73.3 ± 0.25 μM, confirming a synergistic effect in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, intracellular ROS estimation revealed effective reduction in ROS levels by luteolin and piroxicam individually, with amplified effects observed upon their combined treatment. These findings indicate that the luteolin–piroxicam combination offers superior antioxidant and cytotoxic activity compared to either compound alone. Thus, this synergistic interaction highlights a promising strategy for developing safe, natural, and effective anticancer therapies, warranting further validation through in vivo studies.