Globally, the incidence of obesity is known to be linked to a number of other riskfactors such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, amongst others, however, there are population specific variance and severity. Therefore, this study t investigated the possible variations in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of obese women resident in Rivers State, Nigeria. Precisely, 334 obese and non-obese women within the ages of 18 and 65 years with no obvious health challenge and resident in Upland and Riverine areas of Rivers State were actually surveyed by the present study. A multistage sampling technique was adopted, and subjects were surveyed across the upland and riverine locations of the State. These subjects were evenly drawn from the multi-ethnic residents of the state. Anthropometric (body mass index- BMI) data and blood sample (via antecubital vein following standard procedures) were obtained from the consenting subjects. After laboratory analyses, the quantitative data got were subjected to statistical analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test with a p< 0.05 considered statistically significant were determined. The result also revealed that all obese subjects as well as their UPL and RVR subgroups had significantly (P<0.05) elevated HbA1c compared to their respective non-obese groups and these increases were both graded and marked (P<0.05) with increasing BMI. It is also important to note that the non- obese and obese class III of the RVR subjects had markedly (P<0.05) higher levels when compared to those of their UPL counterparts.The finding of this study on the changes in HbA1c levels of obese women resident in UPL and RVR residents revealed significant (P<0.05) rising percentages of HbA-1c with increasing BMI. It can thus be concluded that the incidence of obesity and associated comorbidities are substantially linked to sex, ethnic/culture and socioeconomic status.

Introduction: The prevalence of glaucoma and cataracts has been rising. The crowded anterior segment architecture that results in appositional contact between the trabecular meshwork and the peripheral iris is the cause of primary angle closure. A technique to control intraocular pressure and deepen the anterior chamber is lens extraction. Objectives: To evaluate intraocular pressure changes in narrow angle eyes following phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Methodology: The study was carried out between March 2015 and August 2017 at Department of Ophthalmology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh on patients diagnosed with narrow-angle who also developed cataract. A narrow angle was defined as an anterior chamber angle grading of 2 or less on Shaffer grading in three or more quadrants. In accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a sample from the study population was drawn using the purposive type sampling technique. Participants in this prospective trial had foldable lens implantation after phacoemulsification surgery. Goldman applanation tonometry was done prior to surgery as well as on the tenth and thirtieth postoperative day. Results: The study included thirty eyes from 29 individuals, with a male to female ratio of 1:1 and an overall mean age of 62.03±8.95 years. Preoperative IOP was 13.66±1.69 mm Hg on average. The mean IOP at the 10th and 30th POD was 11.83±2.21 mm Hg and 11.00±2.07 mm Hg, respectively. At the final follow-up, the mean IOP drop was 2.66 mm Hg (p<0.05). Conclusion: In individuals with narrow angles, phacoemulsification combined with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation can lower intraocular pressure. These results support the notion that phacoemulsification combined with foldable IOL implantation is a useful technique for reducing intraocular pressure.

Reproductive process cannot be complete without hormone and if these hormones are not in the right proportion, then reproductive process could fail. Hormones are chemical substances produced by the endocrine gland and its physiological action is exerted on a target organ different from the secretion’s site. The aim is this study is to evaluate Effect of aqueous leave extract of D. alba ness (Thorn Apple) on gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) and prolactin following administration of MSG and clomid citrate in male wistar rats. The study involves 35 male wistar rats weighing between 130g to 160g. The animals were randomly selected into 7 with five animals per group. Each group received the following: group 1 10mls/kg of distil water, group 2 low dose of extract (1000mg/kg), group 3 high dose of extract(2000mg/kg), group 4 MSG 800mg/kg, group 5 clomid 50mg/kg, group 6 MSG + high dose of extract and group 7 clomid+ high dose of extract. Administration of extract was done through oral gavage for 21 days, thereafter, the animals were sacrificed on the 22nd day, and blood samples were collected for hormonal analysis. The results showed significant increase in serum levels of FSH and LH in the MSG group and decreased in FHS levels in all others treated groups when compared with control. The serum levels of FSH and LH rises when extract was co-administered with MSG. The serum levels of LH slightly increased when extract was co-administered with clomid serum levels of FSH do not increased when extract was co-administered with clomid. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.