Introduction: Women's cardiovascular risk is not adequately addressed, particularly during the menopausal transition when the risk of cardiovascular events rises. Women die from cardiovascular disease (CVD) more frequently than any other cause. The study's objective was to evaluate pre-menopausal women's heart disease risk in connection to oral contraceptive tablets. Method: A comparative observational study was conducted at the department of cardiology, Prime Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh during the period of January 2020 to December 2020. A total of 140 participants were included for the study. Among them 70 women with HD (Heart Disease) were Group I and 70 women without HD (Heart Disease) were Group II. Respectively women were assessed exclusively using a case sheet that include age, full medical history, past medical history (mainly hypertension), family history, smoking history & the use of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and duration of use. Statistical analyses were done by using SPSS 19.0 for windows Inc. Results: Mean age was 45.97 ±0.46 women with HD and 44.83 ±0.57 was women without HD. Women with HD age range 50-55 were 82.9 % (58) and 81.4% (57) were women without HD. Overweight & Obese were 66(94.3%) women with HD and 50(71.4%) were women without HD. Dyslipidemia were 69(98.6%) women with HD and 16(22.9%) were women without HD. Hypertension 65(92.8%)were women with HD and 16(22.9%) were women without HD. Use of OCP was higher among women with HD 61(87.1%) as compared with those without HD 29(41.4%). Duration of OCP was significantly longer in women with HD than women without HD. The effect of OCP use in women with Hypertension 40(61.33%) were women with HD and 6 (37.50%)were women without HD. The effect of OCP use in women with Smoking 10 (68.42%)were women with HD and 1 (25%)were women without HD. The effect of OCP use in women with Family history 34 (57.14%)were women with HD and 6 (33.33%)were women without HD. This study has confirmed the aforesaid findings in which the use of OCP increase the risk of HD in premenopausal women specifically in those who already have risk factors of HD. The effect of OCP use in women with Hypertension 51(61.5%) were women with HD and 6 (35.8%) were women without HD. Conclusion: The risk of heart disease was increased among women who used oral contraceptives. Cardiovascular events can be abridged by the management of risk factors. Mainly significant is the control of hypertension, lipids, and other factors contributing to the metabolic syndrome.

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effects of ethanolic stem bark extract of Persea americana on some reproductive parameters of female Wistar rats. In this study, female Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three (3) groups of 5 rats each. The control group (Group 1) was given distilled water. Group 2 received 200mg/kg of the extract and group 3 received 400mg/kg of the extract daily for a period of 21 days following acclimatization. The female rats were cohabited with males in the ratio 2:1 (M:F) for 10 days. Blood samples were collected and some tissues harvested at sacrifice. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare groups followed by post-hoc testing to determine whether there were significant differences between the control and treatment groups. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant and result presented as Mean±SEM. The result showed that the extract of Persea americana caused stimulatory effect on anterior pituitary synthesis of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and may have also caused changes in the gonads leading to decreased gonadal hormone synthesis (estrogen and progesterone). The percentage fertility of the female Wistar rats was significantly reduced suggesting that the stem bark extract of Persea americana possess antifertility effects.